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What caused the low-water phase of glacial Lake Agassiz?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Thomas V. Lowell ,
Patrick J. Applegate ,
Timothy G. Fisher  and
Kenneth Lepper
Thomas V. Lowell*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, 500 Geology/Physics Building, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013, USA
Patrick J. Applegate
Affiliation:
Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Timothy G. Fisher
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
Kenneth Lepper
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Dept. 2745, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail address:Thomas.Lowell@uc.edu (T.V. Lowell).
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Abstract

First-order modeling suggests that a low-water phase in late-glacial Lake Agassiz can be explained through changes in the balance between evaporation, precipitation, and runoff, rather than drainage. The low-water Moorhead Phase is often attributed to drainage through outlets opened by isostatic depression and retreat of the Laurentide ice margin. However, new data indicate that the proposed outlets were ice-covered during the Moorhead Phase. Instead, the lake water levels dropped to the Moorhead Phase before the start of the Younger Dryas chronozone and remained there until 11.3 ka. Thus, drainage seems to be an implausible explanation for Younger Dryas-aged low water levels in Lake Agassiz. An alternative explanation is that evaporation equaled or exceeded water inputs from the adjacent ice margin and the deglaciated parts of the drainage basin. To evaluate whether this hypothesis is plausible, we constructed a simple model that considers the paleo-basin geometry, hydrology, and meltwater production from the adjacent ice margin. Modest hydrologic changes (within the range of present-day variability), coupled with low meltwater production, produce a closed basin. Shifts in the location of the polar jet, driven by increased Arctic albedo, may explain our inferred hydrologic changes.

Keywords

Glacial Lake AgassizHydrological controlsHydrological modelingLate-glacial period
Type
Original Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 80 , Issue 3 , November 2013 , pp. 370 - 382
Copyright
University of Washington

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