Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T19:26:30.338Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Status of Correlation of Quaternary Stratigraphic Units in the Western Conterminous United States1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Peter W. Birkeland ,
Dwight R. Crandell  and
Gerald M. Richmond
Peter W. Birkeland
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Dwight R. Crandell
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado
Gerald M. Richmond
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Deposits of Quaternary age from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Coast in the western conterminous United States represent a great variety of environments. The deposits include those of continental and alpine glaciers, glacial meltwater streams, nonglacial streams, pluvial lakes, marine environments, eolian environments, and masswasting environments. On two charts we have attempted to correlate representative sequences of deposits of many of these environments, based on published sources and recent unpublished investigations. Evidence for correlation is based mainly on stratigraphic sequence, soil characteristics, the amount of subsequent erosion and interlayered volcanic ash beds identifiable as to source. Chronologic control is based on numerous radiocarbon dates, U-series dates on marine fossils, and K-Ar dates on volcanic rocks. The Bishop volcanic ash bed and one of the Pearlette-like volcanic ash beds appear to represent significant regional key horizons, respectively about 700,000 and 600,000 years old. Rock magnetism is shown to suggest the paleomagnetic polarity at the time of rock deposition. Assigned land-mammal ages of included fossils help to put limits on the age of some units.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 1 , Issue 2 , April 1971 , pp. 208 - 227
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

Publication authorized by the Director, U.S. Geological Survey.

References

Adam, D. P. (1967). Late-Pleistocene and Recent palynology in the central Sierra Nevada. In “Quaternary Paleoecology” (Cushing, E. J. and Wright, H. E. Jr. Eds.), pp. 275–301. INQUA Congress VII, Proceedings 7, Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.Google Scholar
Arkley, R. J. (1962). The geology, geomorphology, and soils of the San Joaquin Valley in the vicinity of the Merced River, California California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 182, 25–32.Google Scholar
Armstrong, J. E., Crandell, D. R., Easterbrook, D. J., and Noble, J. B. (1965). Late Pleistocene stratigraphy and chronology in southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington Geological Society of America Bulletin 76, 321–330.Google Scholar
Baker, R. G. (1969). Late Quaternary pollen and plant macrofossils from abandoned lagoon sediments near Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis University of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Bandy, O. L. (1967). Foraminiferal definition of the boundaries of the Pleistocene in southern California, U.S.A.. In “Progress in Oceanography” (Sears, Mary Eds.), Vol. 4, pp. 27–49. Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bateman, P. C., and Wahrhaftig, C. (1966). Geology of the Sierra Nevada. California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 190, 107–172.Google Scholar
Benedict, J. B. (1968). Recent glacial history of an alpine area in the Colorado Front Range, U.S.A., II. Dating the glacial deposits. Journal of Glaciology 7, 77–87.Google Scholar
Benedict, J. B. (1970). Downslope soil movement in a Colorado alpine region: rates, processes, and climatic significance. Arctic and Alpine Research 2, 165–226 Google Scholar
Birkeland, P. W. (1964). Pleistocene glaciation of the northern Sierra Nevada, north of Lake Tahoe, California Journal of Geology 72, 810–825 Google Scholar
Birkeland, P. W. (1967). Correlation of soils of stratigraphic importance in western Nevada and California, and their relative rates of profile development. In “Quaternary Soils>” (Morrison, R. B. and Wright, H. E. Jr. Eds.), pp. 71–91. INQUA Congress VII, Proceedings 9, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada.Google Scholar
Birkeland, P. W. (1968). Correlation of Quaternary stratigraphy of the Sierra Nevada with that of the Lake Lahontan area, In “Means of Correlation of Quaternary Successions” (Morrison, R. B. and Wright, H. E. Jr. Eds.), pp. 469–500. INQUA Congress VII, Proceedings 8, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, Utah.Google Scholar
Birman, J. H. (1964). Glacial geology across the crest of the Sierra Nevada, California Geological Society of America Special Paper 75 Google Scholar
Bonhommet, N. and Zähringer, J. (1969). Paleomagnetism and potassium argon age determinations of the Laschamp geomagnetic polarity event Earth and Planetary Science Letters 6, 43–46 Google Scholar
Bonilla, M. G. (1959). Geologic observations in the epicentral area of the San Francisco earthquake of March 22, 1957. California Division of Mines Special Report 57, 25–37.Google Scholar
Boyd, F. R. (1961). Welded tuffs and flows in the rhyolite plateau of Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, Geological Society of America Bulletin 72, 387–426 Google Scholar
Bradley, W. C. (1958). Submarine abrasion and wave-cut platforms Geological Society of America Bulletin 69, 967–974.Google Scholar
Bradley, W. C. (1965). Marine terraces on Ben Lomond Mountain, California In “Guidebook for Field Conference I—Northern Great Basin and California” (Wahrhaftig, C., Morrison, R. B., and Birkeland, P. W. Eds.), pp. 148–150. INQUA Congress VII Nebraska Academy of Sciences, Lincoln, Nebraska.Google Scholar
Bradley, W. C., and Addicott, W. O. (1968). Age of first marine terrace near Santa Cruz, California Geological Society of America Bulletin 79, 1203–1210.Google Scholar
Broecker, W. S., and Kaufman, A. (1965). Radiocarbon chronology of Lake Lahontan and Lake Bonneville II, Great Basin Geological Society of America Bulletin 76, 537–566.Google Scholar
Christiansen, R. L., Obradovich, J. D., and Blank, H. R. Jr. (1968). Late Cenozoic volcanic stratigraphy of the Yellowstone Park region—a preliminary report (Abstract): Geological Society of America Special Paper 121, 591–592.Google Scholar
Cox, A. (1969a). Polar wandering, continental drift, and the onset of Quaternary glaciation Meteorological Monographs 8, 112–125.Google Scholar
Cox, A. (1969n). Geomagnetic reversals Science 163, 237–245.Google Scholar
Cox, A., and Doell, R. R. (1968). Paleomagnetism and Quaternary correlation. In “Means of Correlation of Quaternary Successions” (Morrison, R. B. and Wright, H. E. Jr.) pp. 253–265. INQUA Congress VII, Proceedings 8, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, Utah.Google Scholar
Cox, A., Doell, R. R., and Dalrymple, G. B. (1965). Quaternary paleomagnetic stratigraphy. In “The Quaternary of the United States” (Wright, H. E. Jr., and Frey, D. G. pp. 817–830. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Crandell, D. R. (1963). Surficial geology and geomorphology of the Lake Tapps quadrangle, Washington U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 388-A.Google Scholar
Crandell, D. R. (1969). Surficial deposits of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington. U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1288.Google Scholar
Crandell, D. R., and Miller, R. D. (1964). Posthypsithermal glacier advances at Mount Rainier, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 501-D, D110–D114.Google Scholar
Crandell, D. R., Mullineaux, D. R., Miller, R. D., and Rubin, M. (1962). Pyroclastic deposits of Recent age at Mount Rainier, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 450-D, D64–D68.Google Scholar
Crandell, D. R., Mullineaux, D. R., and Waldron, H. H. (1958). Pleistocene sequence in southeastern part of the Puget Sound lowland, Washington. American Journal of Science 256, 384–397.Google Scholar
Curray, J. R. (1965). Late Quaternary history, continental shelves of the United States. In “The Quaternary of the United States” (Wright, H. E. Jr., and Frey, D. G. Eds.), pp. 723–735. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Curry, R. R. (1966). Glaciation about 3,000,000 years ago in the Sierra Nevada. Science 154, 770–771.Google Scholar
Curry, R. R. (1968). “Quaternary climatic and glacial history of the Sierra Nevada, California.” University Microfilms, Inc., no. 68-13896, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Google Scholar
Curry, R. R. (1969a). Holocene climatic and glacial history of the Central Sierra Nevada, California. In “United States Contributions to Quaternary Research” (Schumm, S. A. and Bradley, W. C. Eds.), pp. 1–47. Geological Society of America Special Paper 123.Google Scholar
Curry, R. R. (1969b). Absolute chronology for glaciations in the Sierra Nevada during the last 2,700,000 years (abstract). In “Résumés des Communications” p. 346. INQUA Congress VIII, Paris.Google Scholar
Dalrymple, G. B. (1963). Potassium-argon dates of some Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Sierra Nevada. California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 74, 379–390.Google Scholar
Dalrymple, G. B. (1964a). Cenozoic chronology of the Sierra Nevada, California. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 47.Google Scholar
Dalrymple, G. B. (1964b). Potassium-argon dates of three Pleistocene interglacial basalt flows from the Sierra Nevada, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 75, 753–758.Google Scholar
Dalrymple, G. B., Cox, A., and Doell, R. R. (1965). Potassium-argon age and paleomagnetism of the Bishop Tuff, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 76, 665–674.Google Scholar
Davis, S. N. and Hall, F. R. (1959). Water quality of eastern Stanislaus and northern Merced Counties, California. Stanford University Publications in Geological Sciences 6, No. 1, 1–112.Google Scholar
Davis, W. M. (1933). Glacial epochs of the Santa Monica Mountains, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 44, 1041–1133.Google Scholar
Dickinson, R. G. (1966). Geology of the Cerro Summit quadrangle, Montrose County, Colorado. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 841.Google Scholar
Doell, R. R., Dalrymple, G. B., Smith, R. L., and Bailey, R. A. (1968). Paleomagnetism, potassium-argon ages, and geology of rhyolites and associated rocks of the Valles Caldera, New Mexico. In “Studies in Volcanology” (Coats, R. R., Hay, R. L., and Anderson, C. A. Eds.), pp. 211–248. Geological Society of America Memoir 116.Google Scholar
Eardley, A. J. (1967). Bonneville chronology-correlation between the exposed stratigraphic record and the subsurface sedimentary succession. Geological Society of America Bulletin 78, 907–909.Google Scholar
Eardley, A. J. and Gvosdetsky, V. (1960). Analysis of Pleistocene core from Great Salt Lake, Utah. Geological Society of America Bulletin 71, 1323–1344.Google Scholar
Easterbrook, D. J. (1969). Pleistocene chronology of the Puget Lowland and San Juan Islands, Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin 80, 2273–2286.Google Scholar
Easterbrook, D. J., Crandell, D. R. and Leopold, E. B. (1967). Pre-Olympia Pleistocene stratigraphy and chronology in the central Puget Lowland, Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin 78, 13–20.Google Scholar
Evernden, J. F. and Curtis, G. H. (1965). The potassium-argon dating of late Cenozoic rocks in east Africa and Italy. Current Anthropology 6, 343–385.Google Scholar
Evernden, J. F., Savage, D. E., Curtis, G. H., and James, G. T. (1964). Potassium-argon dates and the Cenozoic mammalian chronology of North America. American Journal of Science 262, 145–198.Google Scholar
Ferguson, G. J., and Libby, W. F. (1964). UCLA radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 6, 318–339.Google Scholar
Flint, R. F., and Gale, W. A. (1958). Stratigraphy and radiocarbon dates at Searles Lake, California. America Journal of Science 256, 689–714.Google Scholar
Gile, L. H. (1966). Cambic and certain noncambic horizons in desert soils of southern New Mexico. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 30, 773–781.Google Scholar
Gile, L. H. (1967). Soils of an ancient basin floor near Las Cruces, New Mexico. Soil Science 103, 265–276.Google Scholar
Gile, L. H., and Grossman, R. B. (1968). Morphology of the argillic horizon in desert soils of southern New Mexico. Soil Science 106, 6–15.Google Scholar
Gile, L. H., Grossman, R. B., and Hawley, J. W. (1969). Effects of landscape dissection on soils near University Park, New Mexico. Soil Science 108, 273–282.Google Scholar
Gile, L. H., and Hawley, J. W. (1966). Periodic sedimentation and soil formation on an alluvialfan piedmont in southern New Mexico. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 30, 261–268.Google Scholar
Gile, L. H. (1968). Age and comparative development of desert soils at the Gardner Spring radiocarbon site, New Mexico. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 32, 709–716.Google Scholar
Gile, L. H., Peterson, F. F., and Grossman, R. B. (1966). Morphological and genetic sequences of carbonate accumulation in desert soils. Soil Science 101, 347–360.Google Scholar
Hack, J. T. (1943). Antiquity of the Finley site. American Antiquity 8, 235–245.Google Scholar
Hall, N. T. (1965). Late Cenozoic stratigraphy between Mussel Rock and Fleishhacker Zoo, San Francisco Penninsula. In “Guidebook for Field Conference I—Northern Great Basin and California” (Wahrhaftig, C., Morrison, R. B., and Birkeland, P. W. Eds.), pp. 151–158. INQUA Congress VII, Nebraska Academy of Sciences, Lincoln, Nebraska.Google Scholar
Haury, E. W., Sayles, E. G. and Wasley, W. W. (1959). The Lehner mammoth site, southeastern Arizona. American Antiquity 25, 2–30.Google Scholar
Hawley, J. W. (1965). Geomorphic surfaces along the Rio Grande Valley from El Paso, Texas to Caballo Reservior, New Mexico. In “Guidebook of southwestern New Mexico II” pp. 188–198. New Mexico Geological Society, 16th Field Conference. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Socorro, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Hawley, J. W., and Gile, L. H. (1966). Landscape evolution and soil genesis in the Rio Grande region, southern New Mexico. In “Guidebook, Friends of the Pleistocene, Rocky Mountain Section, Eleventh Annual Field Conference”, 74 pp., Soil Conservation Service, University Park, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Hawley, J. W., and Kottlowski, F. E. (1969). Quaternary geology of the south-central New Mexico border region In “Border Stratigraphy Symposium” (Kottlowski, F. E. and LeMone, D. V. Eds.), pp. 89–115. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Circular 104, Socorro, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Hawley, J. W., Kottlowski, F. E., Strain, W. S., Seager, W. R., King, W. E., and LeMone, D. V. (1969). The Santa Fe Group in the south-central New Mexico border region In “Border Stratigraphy Symposium” (Kottlowski, F. E. and LeMone, D. V. Eds.), pp. 52–76. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Circular 104, Socorro, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Haynes, C. V. (1967). Quaternary geology of the Tule Springs area, Clark County, Nevada. In “Pleistocene Studies in Southern Nevada.” (Wormington, H. M. and Ellis, D. Eds.), pp. 15–104. Nevada State Museum Anthropological Papers 13.Google Scholar
Haynes, C. V. (1968). Preliminary report on the late Quaternary geology of San Pedro Valley, Arizona. In “Southern Arizona, Guidebook III” (Titley, S. R. Eds.), pp. 79–96. Arizona Geological Society, Tuscon, Ariz.Google Scholar
Haynes, C. V., Damon, P. E., and Gray, D. C. (1966). Arizona radiocarbon dates VI. Radiocarbon 8, 1–21.Google Scholar
Hibbard, C. W. and Zakrzewski, J. (1967). Phyletic trends in the late Cenozoic microtine OPHIOMYS gen. nov., from Idaho. University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology Contributions 21, 255–271.Google Scholar
Hibbard, C. W., Ray, D. E., Savage, D. E., Taylor, D. W., and Guilday, J. E. (1965). Quaternary mammals of North America. In “The Quaternary of the United States” (Wright, H. E. Jr., and Frey, D. G. Eds.), pp. 509–525. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Izett, G. A., Wilcox, R. E., Powers, H. A., and Desborough, G. A. (1970). The Bishop ash, a Pleistocene marker bed in the Western United States. Quaternary Research 1, 121–132.Google Scholar
Janda, R. J. (1965a). Quaternary alluvium near Friant, California In “Guidebok for Field Conference I—Northern Great Basin and California”, (Wahrhaftig, C., Morrison, R. B., and Birkeland, P. W. Eds.), pp 128–133. INQUA Congress VII, Nebraska Academy of Sciences, Lincoln, Nebraska.Google Scholar
Janda, R. J. (1965b). Minaret summit. In “Guidebook for Field Conference I—Northern Great Basin and California”, (Wahrhaftig, C., Morrison, R. B., and Birkeland, P. W. Eds.), pp. 89–91. INQUA Congress VII, Nebraska Academy of Sciences, Lincoln, Nebraska.Google Scholar
Janda, R. J. (1966). Pleistocene history and hydrology of the San Joaquin River, California. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis University of California, Berkeley, California.Google Scholar
Janda, R. J., and Croft, M. G. (1967). The stratigraphic significance of a sequence of noncalcic brown soils formed on the Quaternary alluvium of the Northeastern San Joaquin Valley, California. In “Quaternary Soils” (Morrison, R. B., and Wright, H. E. Jr. Eds.), pp. 157–190. INQUA Congress VII, Proceedings 9, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada.Google Scholar
Kelley, V. C., and Silver, C. (1952). Geology of the Caballo Mountains. University of New Mexico Publications in Geology 4, 176–179.Google Scholar
Kottlowski, F. E. (1958). Geologic history of the Rio Grande near El Paso, [New Mexico-Texas]. West Texas Geological Society Guidebook 46–54 Midland, Texas.Google Scholar
Kottlowski, F. E., Cooley, M. E., and Ruhe, R. V. (1965). Quaternary geology of the southwest. In “The Quaternary of the United States” (Wright, H. E. Jr., and Frey, D. G. Eds.), pp. 287–298. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Lambert, P. W. (1968). Quaternary stratigraphy of the Albuquerque area, New Mexico. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis Department of Geology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Malde, H. E. (1960). Evidence in the Snake River Plain, Idaho, of a catastrophic flood from Pleistocene Lake Bonneville. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 400-B, B295–B297.Google Scholar
Malde, H. E. (1965a). Snake River Plain. In “The Quaternary of the United States” (Wright, H. E. Jr., and Frey, D. G. Eds.), pp. 255–263. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Malde, H. E. (1965b). Mountain Home to Malad Springs. In “Guidebook for Field Conference E—Northern and Middle Rocky Mountains” (Richmond, G. M., Fryxell, R., Montagne, J., and Trimble, D. E. Eds.), pp. 94–98. INQUA Congress VII, Nebraska Academy of Sciences, Lincoln, Nebraska.Google Scholar
Malde, H. E. (1968). The catastrophic late Pleistocene Bonneville flood in the Snake River Plain, Idaho. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 596.Google Scholar
Malde, H. E., and Powers, H. A. (1962). Upper Cenozoic stratigraphy of western Snake River Plain, Idaho Geological Society of America Bulletin 73, 1197–1220.Google Scholar
Malde, H. E. and Van Horn, R. (1965). Stratigraphy, soils and geomorphology of the nonglacial Quaternary deposits between Boulder and Golden, Colorado, Trip 8. In “Guidebook for One-day Field Conferences, Boulder Area, Colorado,” pp. 40–47. INQUA Congress VII, Nebraska Academy of Sciences, Lincoln, Nebraska.Google Scholar
Mawby, J. E. (1967). Fossil vertebrates of the Tule Springs site, Nevada. In “Pleistocene studies in Southern Nevada” (Wormington, H. M. and Ellis, Dorothy Eds.), pp. 105–128. Nevada State Museum Anthropological Papers 13.Google Scholar
Mehringer, P. J. Jr. (1967). Pollen analysis of the Tule Springs area, Nevada. In “Pleistocene Studies in Southern Nevada” (Wormington, H. M. and Ellis, D. Eds.), pp. 130–200. Nevada State Museum Anthropological Papers 13.Google Scholar
Mehringer, P. J. Jr. and Haynes, C. V. Jr. (1965). The pollen evidence for the environment of early man and extinct mammals at the Lehner Mammoth site, southeastern Arizona American Antiquity 31, 17–23 Google Scholar
Mehringer, P. J. Jr., Martin, P. S., and Haynes, C. V. Jr. (1967). Murray Springs, a mid-post-glacial pollen record from southern Arizona. American Journal of Science 265, 786–797.Google Scholar
Meier, M. F. (1964). The Recent history of advance-retreat and net budget of South Cascade Glacier (abstract) American Geophysical Union Transactions 45, 608.Google Scholar
Metcalf, A. L. (1967). Late Quaternary mollusks of the Rio Grande Valley Caballo Dam, New Mexico to El Paso, Texas. University of Texas Science Series 1, Texas Western Press, University of Texas, El Paso.Google Scholar
Metcalf, A. L. (1969). Quaternary surfaces, sediments and mollusks: Southern Mesilla Valley, New Mexico and Texas. In “Guidebook to the Border Region, Chuhuahua and the United States” pp. 158–164. New Mexico Geological Society, Socorro, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Miller, C. D. (1969). Chronology of Neoglacial moraines in the Dome Peak area, North Cascade Range, Washington. Arctic and Alpine Research 1, 49–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, R. B. (1964). Lake Lahontan: Geology of southern Carson Desert, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 401.Google Scholar
Morrison, R. B. (1965a). Quaternary geology of the Great Basin. In “The Quaternary of the United States” (Wright, H. E. Jr., and Frey, D. G. Eds.), pp. 265–285. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Morrison, R. B. (1965b). New evidence of Lake Bonneville stratigraphy and history from southern Promontory Point, Utah. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 525-C, C110–C119.Google Scholar
Morrison, R. B. (1965C). Salt Lake City to Little Cottonwood area and return. In “Guidebook for Field Conference I, Northern Great Basin and California,” (Wahrhaftig, C., Morrison, R. B., and Birkeland, P. W. Eds.), pp. 6–14. INQUA Congress VII, Nebraska Academy of Sciences, Lincoln, Nebraska.Google Scholar
Morrison, R. B. (1966). Predecessors of Great Salt Lake. In “The Great Salt Lake” (Stokes, W. L. Ed.), pp. 77–104. Guidebook to the Geology of Utah 20, University of Utah and Utah Geological Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.Google Scholar
Morrison, R. B., and Frye, J. C. (1965). Correlation of the middle and late Quaternary successions of Lake Lahontan, Lake Bonneville, Rocky Mountain (Wasatch Range), southern Great Plains, and eastern Midwest areas. Nevada Bureau of Mines Report 9.Google Scholar
Morrison, R. B., and Wright, H. E. Jr.. (1968). “Means of Correlation of Quaternary Successions.” INQUA Congress VII, Proceedings 8, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, Utah.Google Scholar
Moss, J. H. (1951). Late glacial advances in the southern Wind River Mountains, Wyoming. American Journal of Science 249, 865–885.Google Scholar
Mullineaux, D. R. (in press). Geology of the Renton, Black Diamond, and Auburn quadrangles, Washington. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 672.Google Scholar
Mullineaux, D. R., Waldron, H. H., and Rubin, M. (1965). Stratigraphy and chronology of late interglacial and early Vashon glacial time in the Seattle area, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1194-0, 01–010.Google Scholar
Obradovich, J. D. (1968). The potential use of glauconite for late-Cenozoic geochronology. In “Means of Correlation of Quaternary Successions” (Morrison, R. B. and Wright, H. E. Jr. Eds.), pp. 267–279. INQUA Congress VII, Proceedings 8, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City Utah.Google Scholar
Poland, J. F., Garrett, A. A., and Sinnott, A. (1959). Geology, hydrology, and chemical charater of ground waters in the Torrance-Santa Monica area, California. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1461.Google Scholar
Porter, S. C. (1969). Pleistocene geology of the east-central Cascade Range, Washington. In“Guidebook for Third Pacific Coast Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference.” pp. 54. Department of Geology, University of Washington, Seattle.Google Scholar
Porter, S. C., and Denton, G. H. (1967). Chronology of Neoglaciation in the North America Cordillera American Journal of Science 265. 177–210.Google Scholar
Ray, L. L. (1940). Glacial chronology of the southern Rocky Mountains. Geological Society of America Bulletin 51, 1851–1917.Google Scholar
Richmond, G. M. (1960). Glaciation of the east slope of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Geological Society of America Bulletin 71, 1371–1382.Google Scholar
Richmond, G. M. (1962). Quaternary stratigraphy of the La Sal Mountains, Utah U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 324.Google Scholar
Richmond, G. M. (1964a). Three pre-Bull Lake tills in the Wind River Mountains—a reinterpretation. U. S. Geological Survey Prosional Paper 501-D, D104–D109.Google Scholar
Richmond, G. M. (1964b). Glaciation of Little Cottonwood and Bells Canyons, Wasatch Mountains, Utah. U.S. Geological Survey Profesional Paper 454-D.Google Scholar
Richmond, G. M. (1965). Glaciation of the Rocky Mountains In “The Quaternary of the United States” (Wright, H. E. Jr., and Frey, D. G. Eds.), pp. 217–230. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Richmond, G. M. (1968). Late Pinedale and Neoglacial glaciation on the Absaroka Range, east of Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming (abstract). Geological Society of America Special Paper 121, 627–628.Google Scholar
Richmond, G. M. (1970). Comparison of the Quaternary Stratigraphy of the Alps and Rocky Mountains. Quaternary Research 1, 3–28.Google Scholar
Richmond, G. M. and Murphy, J. F. (1965). Geologic map of the Bull Lake East quadrangle, Fremont County, Wyoming. U.S. Geological Survey Geological Quadrangle Map GQ-431.Google Scholar
Richmond, G. M., Fryxell, R., Montagne, J., and Trimble, D. E. (1965). “Guidebook for Field Conference E. Northern and Middle Rocky Mountains.” INQUA Congress VII, Nebraska Academy of Sciences, Lincoln, Nebraska.Google Scholar
Ruhe, R. V. (1962). Age of the Rio Grande valley in southern New Mexico. Journal of Geology 70, 151–167.Google Scholar
Ruhe, R. V. (1964). Landscape morphology and alluvial deposits in southern New Mexico. Association of American Geographers Annals 54, 147–159.Google Scholar
Ruhe, R. V. (1967). Geomorphic surfaces and surficial deposits in southern New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Memoir 18.Google Scholar
Schlemon, R. J., and Hansen, R. O. (1969). Radiometric and faunal dating of Quaternary alluvium in the Sacramento area, California. Geological Socicty of America, Abstracts with Programs for 1969, Pt. 3 61–62.Google Scholar
Schlocker, J., Bonilla, M. G., and Radbruch, D. H. (1958). Geology of the San Francisco North quadrangle, California. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-272. Google Scholar
Scott, G. R. (1963a). Nussbaum Alluvium of Pleistocene (?) age at Pueblo, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 475-C, C49–C52.Google Scholar
Scott, G. R. (1963b). Quaternary geology and geomorphic history of the Kassler quadrangle, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 421-A.Google Scholar
Scott, G. R. (1965). Nonglacial Quaternary geology of the southern and middle Rocky Mountains. In “The Quaternary of the United States” (Wright, H. E. Jr. and Frey, D. G. Eds.), pp. 243–254. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Scott, G. R. (1969). General and engineering geology of the northern part of Pueblo, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1262.Google Scholar
Scott, G. R. and Lindvall, R. M. (1970). Geology of new occurrences of Pleistocene bisons and peccary in Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 700-B.Google Scholar
Sharp, R. P. (1968). Sherwin Till-Bishop Tuff geological relationships, Sierra Nevada, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 79, 351–364.Google Scholar
Sharp, R. P. (1969). Semiquantitative differentiation of glacial moraines near Convict Lake, Sierra Nevada, California. Journal of Geology 77, 68–91.Google Scholar
Sharp, R. P. and Birman, J. H. (1963). Additions to classical sequence of Pleistocene glaciations, Sierra Nevada, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 74, 1079–1086.Google Scholar
Smith, G. I. (1962). Subsurface stratigraphy of late Quaternary deposits, Searles Lake, California. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 450-C, C65–C69.Google Scholar
Smith, G. I. (1968). Late-Quaternary geologic and climatic history of Searles Lake, southeastern California. In “Means of Correlation of Quaternary Successions” (Morrison, R. B. and Wright, H. E. Jr. Eds.), pp. 293–310. INQUA Congress VII, Proceedings 8, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, Utah.Google Scholar
Smith, J. D. and Foster, J. H. (1969). Geomagnetic reversal in Brunhes Normal Polarity Epoch. Science 163, 565–567.Google Scholar
Smith, R. L. and Bailey, R. A. (1968). Resurgent cauldrons. In “Studies in Volcanology” (Coats, R. R. Hay, R. L., and Anderson, C. A. Eds.), pp. 613–662. Geological Society of America Memoir 116.Google Scholar
Soister, P. E. (1967). Relation of Nussbaum Alluvium (Pleistocene) to the Ogallala Formation (Pliocene) and to the Platte-Arkansas divide, southern Denver Basin, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 575-D, D39–D46.Google Scholar
Spiegel, Z., Baldwin, B., Kottlowski, F. E., and Barrows, E. L. (1963). Geology and water resources of the Santa Fe area, New Mexico. U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1525.Google Scholar
Strain, W. S. (1966). Blancan mammalian fauna and Pleistocene formations, Hudspeth County, Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 10, Austin, Texas.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M. (1964). Carbon isotopic distribution and correlated chromology of Searles Lake sediments. American Journal of Science 262, 377–392.Google Scholar
Szabo, B. J. and Rosholt, J. N. (1969). Uraniumseries dating of Pleistocene molluscan shells from southern California; an open system model. Journal of Geophysical Research 74, 3253–3260.Google Scholar
Szabo, B. J., Malde, H. E., and Irwin-Williams, C. (1969). Dilemma posed by uranium series dates on archeologically significant bones from Valsequillo, Puebla, Mexico. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 6, 237–244.Google Scholar
Taylor, D. W. (1967). Late Pleistocene molluscan shells from the Tule Springs area. In “Pleistocene Studies in Southern Nevada” (Wormington, H. M. and Ellis, D. Eds.), pp. 395–399. Nevada State Muscum Anthropological Papers 13.Google Scholar
Trimble, D. E., and Carr, W. J. (1961). Late Quaternary history of the Snake River with American Falls region, Idaho. Geological Socicty of America Bulletin 72, 1739–1748.Google Scholar
Upson, J. E. (1949). Late Pleistocene and Recent changes in sea level along the coast of Santa Barbara County, California. American Journal of Science 247, 94–115.Google Scholar
Valentine, J. W. (1961). Paleoecologic molluscan geography of the Californian Pleistocene. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 34, 309–442.Google Scholar
Van Horn, R. (1967). Soils on Upper Quaternary deposits near Denver, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 575-D, D228–D232.Google Scholar
Wahrhaftig, C. and Birman, J. H. (1965). The Quaternary of the Pacific mountain system in California. In “The Quaternary of the United States” (Wright, H. E. Jr., and Frey, D. G. Eds.), pp. 299–340. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Wilcox, R. E. (1965). Volcanic-ash chronology. In “The Quaternary of the United States” (Wright, H. E. Jr., and Frey, D. G. Eds.), pp. 807–816. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Woodring, W. P. (1952). Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary in California Coast Ranges. American Journal of Science 250, 401–410.Google Scholar
Woodring, W. P., Bramlette, M. N., and Kew, W. S. W. (1946). Geology and paleontology of Palos Verdes Hills, California. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 207.Google Scholar
Wormington, H. M., and Ellis, D. EDS. (1967). Pleistocene Studies in Southern Nevada. Nevada State Museum Anthropological Papers 13.Google Scholar
Wright, H. E. Jr., and Frey, D. G. (1965). The Quaternary of the United State—a Review Volume for the 7th Congress of the International Association for Quaternary Research. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Yerkes, R. F. and Wentworth, C. M. (1965). Structure, Quaternary history, and general geology of the Corral Canyon area, Los Angeles County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report.Google Scholar