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Quaternary Tephrochronology and Deposition in the Subsurface Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, U.S.A.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Katherine L. Maier ,
Emma Gatti ,
Elmira Wan ,
Daniel J. Ponti ,
Mark Pagenkopp ,
Scott W. Starratt ,
Holly A. Olson  and
John C. Tinsley
Katherine L. Maier*
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Science Center, 345 Middlefield Road Mail Stop 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
Emma Gatti
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Science Center, 345 Middlefield Road Mail Stop 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA Planetary Surface Instruments Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
Elmira Wan
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, 345 Middlefield Road Mail Stop 975, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
Daniel J. Ponti
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Science Center, 345 Middlefield Road Mail Stop 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
Mark Pagenkopp
Affiliation:
California Department of Water Resources, 3500 Industrial Boulevard, West Sacramento, CA 95691, USA
Scott W. Starratt
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Volcano Science Center, 345 Middlefield Road Mail Stop 910, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
Holly A. Olson
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, 345 Middlefield Road Mail Stop 975, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
John C. Tinsley
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Science Center, 345 Middlefield Road Mail Stop 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
*
*Corresponding author at: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, 400 Natural Bridges Drive, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA., E-mail address:[email protected] (K.L. Maier).
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Abstract

We document characteristics of tephra, including facies and geochemistry, from 27 subsurface sites in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, to obtain stratigraphic constraints in a complex setting. Analyzed tephra deposits correlate with: 1) an unnamed tephra from the Carlotta Formation near Ferndale, California, herein informally named the ash of Wildcat Grade (<~1.450 to >~ 0.780 Ma), 2) the Rockland ash bed (~ 0.575 Ma), 3) the Loleta ash bed (~ 0.390 Ma), and 4) middle Pleistocene volcanic ash deposits at Tulelake, California, and Pringle Falls, Bend, and Summer Lake, Oregon, herein informally named the dacitic ash of Hood (<~0.211 to >~ 0.180 Ma). All four tephra are derived from Cascades volcanic sources. The Rockland ash bed erupted from the southern Cascades and occurs in up to > 7-m-thick deposits in cores from ~ 40 m subsurface in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. Tephra facies and tephra age constraints suggest rapid tephra deposition within fluvial channel and overbank settings, likely related to flood events shortly following volcanic eruption. Such rapidly deposited tephra are important chronostratigraphic markers that suggest varying sediment accumulation rates in Quaternary deposits below the modern Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. This study provides the first steps in a subsurface Quaternary stratigraphic framework necessary for future hazard assessment.

Keywords

TephraVolcanic ashPumiceFaciesRockland ash bedLoleta ash bedSacramento–San Joaquin DeltaCascadesFluvial channelChronostratigraphy
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 83 , Issue 2 , March 2015 , pp. 378 - 393
Copyright
University of Washington

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