Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T18:31:35.308Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Quantifying late Quaternary Australian rainfall seasonality changes using the Poaceae:Asteraceae pollen ratio

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 April 2020

Annika V. Herbert
Affiliation:
School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Jennifer M. Fitchett*
Affiliation:
School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.
*
*Corresponding author at: E-mail: [email protected] (J.M. Fitchett)

Abstract

Mounting evidence suggests that the Southern Westerly Winds were significantly equatorially displaced and more intense during the last glacial maximum (LGM), prompting deliberate research identifying proxies to reconstruct these changes. This has focused on rainfall seasonality to track changes in major circulation patterns across the southern hemisphere midlatitude regions. Using a common methodology to reconstruct climatic changes aids comparability and makes it easier to draw significant conclusions regarding general circulation movements. We assess the applicability of Coetzee's (1967) Poaceae:Asteraceae pollen ratio, which has been used successfully in South Africa, in the Australian context. The ratio scores from modern samples fail to capture the weak seasonality in the southeast and on Tasmania but is successful for the rest of the continent. The periods of greatest change compared to present day match known periods of distinct climatic events, namely the mid-Holocene (6–7 cal ka BP), the last deglacial period (15–17 cal ka BP), and two periods during the LGM (20–22 and 31–33 cal ka BP), suggesting large parts of Australia experienced a “double peak” of rainfall seasonality change during the LGM. This confirms that the Poaceae:Asteraceae pollen ratio can be used on records outside of South Africa.

Type
Thematic Set: Southern Hemisphere Last Glacial Maximum (SHeMax)
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bureau of Meteorology, Commonwealth of Australia, 2005. Climate classification maps (last accessed: 16/10/2019). http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/climate-classifications/index.jsp?maptype=seasgrpb#maps.Google Scholar
Alloway, B.V., Lowe, D.J., Barrell, D.J.A., Newnham, R.M., Almond, P.C., Augustinus, P.C., Bertler, N.A.N., et al. , 2007. Towards a climate event stratigraphy for New Zealand over the past 30 000 years (NZ-INTIMATE project). Journal of Quaternary Science 22, 935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayliffe, L.K., Gagan, M.K., Zhao, J.-X., Drysdale, R.N., Hellstrom, J.C., Hantoro, W.S., Griffiths, M.L., et al. , 2013. Rapid interhemispheric climate links via the Australasian monsoon during the last deglaciation. Nature Communications 4 (2908) 16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braganza, K., Murphy, B., Timbal, B., Hope, P., Dowdy, A., Hennessy, K., Bhend, J., Kirono, D., 2015. Chapter 4: Understanding recent Australian climate. In: Ekström, M., Gerbing, C., Grose, M., Bhend, J., Webb, L., Risbey, J. (Eds.), Climate Change in Australia. Projections for Australia's Natural Resource Management Regions: Technical Report. CSIRO and Bureau of Meteorology, Australia, pp. 4051.Google Scholar
Burrows, C.J., 1961. The forest flora of Canterbury: Ecological inferences. Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society 8, 2327.Google Scholar
Chase, B.M., Meadows, M.E., 2007. Late Quaternary dynamics of southern Africa's winter rainfall zone. Earth-Science Reviews 84, 103138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coetzee, J.A., 1967. Pollen analytical studies in east and southern Africa. Palaeoecology of Africa 2, 1146.Google Scholar
Colls, K., Whitaker, R., 2012. The Australian Weather Book: Understanding our climate and how it affects us. 3rd edition. Reed New Holland, New Holland Publishers, Australia.Google Scholar
Crowley, G.M., 1994. Quaternary soil salinity events and Australian vegetation history. Quaternary Science Reviews 13, 1522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodson, J.R., 1983. Modern pollen rain in southeastern New South Wales, Australia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 38, 249268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodson, J.R., 1994. Quaternary vegetation history. In: Groves, R.H. (Ed.) Australian Vegetation. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 3756.Google Scholar
Evans, J.L., Allan, R.J., 1992. El Nino/southern oscillation modification to the structure of the monsoon and tropical cyclone activity in the Australasian region. International Journal of Climatology 12, 611623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, E., McGowan, H.A., Moss, P.T., Marx, S.K., 2017. A late Quaternary record of monsoon variability in the northwest Kimberley, Australia. Quaternary International 449, 119135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitchett, J.M., Bamford, M.K., 2017. The validity of the Asteraceae: Poaceae fossil pollen ratio in discrimination of the southern African summer- and winter-rainfall zones. Quaternary Science Reviews 160, 8595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitchett, J.M., Grab, S.W., Bamford, M.K., Mackay, A.W., 2016a. A multi-disciplinary review of late Quaternary palaeoenvironments and environments for Lesotho. South African Journal of Science 112, http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2016/20160045.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitchett, J.M., Grab, S.W., Bamford, M.K., Mackay, A.W., 2016b. A multi-proxy analysis of late Quaternary palaeoenvironments, Sekhokong Range, eastern Lesotho. Journal of Quaternary Science 31, 788798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitchett, J.M., Grab, S.W., Bamford, M.K., Mackay, A. W., 2017. Late Quaternary research in southern Africa: progress, challenges and future trajectories. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 72, 280293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitchett, J.M., Mackay, A.W., Grab, S.W., Bamford, M.K., 2017. Holocene climatic variability indicated by a multi-proxy record from southern Africa's highest wetland. The Holocene 27, 638650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, M.-S., Benson, A., Heijnis, H., Gadd, P.S., Cwynar, L.C., Rees, A.B.H., 2015. Changes in biomass burning mark the onset of an ENSO-influenced climate regime at 42°S in southwest Tasmania, Australia. Quaternary Science Reviews 122, 222232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, M.-S., Moreno, P.I., 2012. Have the Southern Westerlies changed in a zonally symmetric manner over the last 14,000 years? A hemisphere-wide take on a controversial problem. Quaternary International 253, 3246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, M.-S., Thomas, I., 2007. Modern pollen-vegetation relationships in western Tasmania, Australia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 146, 146168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, M.-S., Thomas, I., 2010. A quantitative Late Quaternary temperature reconstruction from western Tasmania, Australia. Quaternary Science Reviews 29, 23512361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herbert, A.V., Harrison, S.P., 2016. Evaluation of a modern-analogue methodology for reconstructing Australian palaeoclimate from pollen. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 226, 6577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenny, B., Wilhelm, D., Valero-Garcés, B.L., 2003. The Southern Westerlies in central Chile: Holocene precipitation estimates based on a water balance model for Laguna Aculeo (33°50'S). Climate Dynamics 20, 269280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkpatrick, J.B., Fowler, M., 1998. Locating likely glacial forest refugia in Tasmania using palynological and ecological information to test alternative climatic models. Biological Conservation 85, 171182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohfeld, K.E., Graham, R.M., de Boer, A.M., Sime, L.C., Wolff, E.W., Le Quéré, C., Bopp, L., 2013. Southern Hemisphere westerly wind changes during the Last Glacial Maximum: paleo-data synthesis. Quaternary Science Reviews 68, 7695.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Körner, C.H., 1995. Alpine plant diversity: a global survey and functional interpretations. In: Chapin, F.S., Körner, C. (Eds.) Arctic and Alpine Biodiversity: Patterns, Causes and Ecosystem Consequences. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 4562.Google Scholar
Lamy, F., Kilian, R., Arz, H.W., Francois, J.-P., Kaiser, J., Prange, M., Steinke, T., 2010. Holocene changes in the position and intensity of the southern westerly wind belt. Nature Geoscience 3, 695699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, A.R.H., 1986. Late glacial and Holocene alpine pollen diagrams from the Kosciusko National Park, New South Wales, Australia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 47, 367409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGlone, M.S., Turney, C.S.M., Wilmshurst, J.M., Renwick, J., Pahnke, K., 2010. Divergent trends in land and ocean temperature in the Southern Ocean over the past 18,000 years. Nature Geoscience 3, 622626. DOI: 10.1038/NGEO931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meadows, M.E., Sugden, J.M., 1993. The late Quaternary palaeoecology of a floristic kingdom: the southwestern Cape South Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 101, 271281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, S., Grab, S.W., Rea, B.R., Carr, S.J., Farrow, A., 2012. Shifting westerlies and precipitation patterns during the Late Pleistocene in southern Africa determined using glacier reconstruction and mass balance modelling. Quaternary Science Reviews 55, 145159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neumann, F.H., Botha, G.A., Scott, L., 2014. 18,000 years of grassland evolution in the summer rainfall region of South Africa: evidence from Mahwaqa Mountain, KwaZulu-Natal. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 23, 665681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholls, N., Drosdowsky, W., Lavery, B., 1997. Australian rainfall variability and change. Weather 52, 6672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norström, E., Neumann, F.H., Scott, L., Smittenberg, R.H., Holmstrand, H., Lundqvist, S., Snowball, I., Sundqvist, H.S., Risberg, J., Bamford, M., 2014. Late Quaternary vegetation dynamics and hydro-climate in the Drakensberg, South Africa. Quaternary Science Reviews 105, 4865.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norström, E., Scott, L., Partridge, T., Risberg, J., Holmgren, K., 2009. Reconstruction of environmental and climate changes at Braamhoek wetland, eastern escarpment, South Africa, during the last 16,000 years with emphasis on the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 271, 240258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petherick, L., McGowan, H.A., Moss, P.T., 2008. Climate variability during the Last Glacial Maximum in eastern Australia: Evidence of two stadials? Journal of Quaternary Science 23, 787802.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petherick, L., Shulmeister, J., Knight, J., Rojas, M., 2016., SHeMax: The Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Hemisphere. Quaternary Australasia 33, 3234.Google Scholar
Razik, S., Chiessi, C.M., Romero, O.E., von Dobeneck, T., 2013. Interaction of the South American Monsoon System and the Southern Westerly Wind Belt during the last 14 kyr. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 374, 2840.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risbey, J.S., Pook, M.J., McIntosh, P.C., Wheeler, M.C., Hendon, H.H., 2009. On the remote drivers of rainfall variability in Australia. Monthly Weather Review 137, 32333253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roffe, S.J., Fitchett, J.M., Curtis, C.J., 2019. Classifying and mapping rainfall seasonality in South Africa: a review. South African Geographical Journal 101, 158174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, L., 1989. Late Quaternary vegetation history and climatic change in the eastern Orange Free State, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 55, 107116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, L., 2002. Grassland development under glacial and interglacial conditions in southern Africa: a review of pollen, phytolith and isotope evidence. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 177, 4757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, L. and Nyakale, M., 2002. Pollen indications of Holocene palaeoenvironments at Florisbad spring in the central Free State, South Africa. The Holocene 12, 497503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shulmeister, J., Thackray, G.D., Rittenour, T.M., Fink, D., Patton, N.R., 2019. The timing and nature of the last glacial cycle in New Zealand. Quaternary Science Reviews 206, 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, G., Luly, J., 1991. Changes in vegetation and seasonal climate since the last full glacial at Lake Frome, South Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 84, 7586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, B.A., Mitchell, P.J., 2018. Late Quaternary palaeoclimates and human-environment dynamics of the Maloti-Drakensberg region, southern Africa. Quaternary Science Reviews 196, 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sturman, A., Tapper, N., 2006. The Weather and Climate of Australia and New Zealand. 2nd edition. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Suppiah, R., 1992. The Australian summer monsoon: a review. Progress in Physical Geography 16, 283318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, J., Lau, K.-M., 1998. Does a monsoon climate exist over South America? Journal of Climate 11, 10201040.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Herbert and Fitchett supplementary material

Herbert and Fitchett supplementary material

Download Herbert and Fitchett  supplementary material(File)
File 19.3 MB