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Late Holocene hydroclimatic change at Cienega Amarilla, west-central New Mexico, USA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2017

Jill Onken ,
Susan J. Smith ,
Manuel R. Palacios-Fest  and
Karen R. Adams
Jill Onken*
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E. 4th St., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
Susan J. Smith
Affiliation:
Consulting Archaeopalynologist, 8875 Carefree Ave., Flagstaff, Arizona 86004, USA
Manuel R. Palacios-Fest
Affiliation:
Terra Nostra Earth Sciences Research, P.O. Box 37195, Tucson, Arizona 85740, USA
Karen R. Adams
Affiliation:
Archaeobotanical Consultant, 2837 E. Beverly Dr., Tucson, Arizona 85716, USA
*
*Corresponding author at: Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E. 4th St., Tucson, AZ 85721, United States. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Onken).
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Abstract

A late Holocene carbonate spring mound and associated wetland deposits at Cienega Amarilla, New Mexico, contain a 4000-yr record of geomorphic, paleoenvironmental, and hydroclimatic change on the southern Colorado Plateau. Forty-four 14C dates support a century-scale chronostratigraphic framework. Pollen, plant macrofossil, mollusk, ostracode, and soil analyses indicate rapid spring mound growth and wetland expansion beginning ~2300 cal yr BP, followed by a pronounced decline in groundwater discharge (GWD) between ~1500 and 1000 cal yr BP. The isotopic composition of Cienega Amarilla springwater suggests GWD is driven primarily by winter precipitation. Historical climate data indicate that El Niño and warm Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) conditions foster wetter-than-average winters in the Cienega Amarilla area, whereas dry winters are associated with La Niña conditions regardless of PDO phase. The ~2300–1500 cal yr BP Cienega Amarilla pluvial appears to represent an interval of peak, late Holocene cool-season precipitation that implies unusually strong or persistent El Niño–like and warm PDO–like conditions in the Pacific. Other southwestern paleoenvironmental records corroborate atypically wet conditions during this interval, and pluvial conditions related to increased winter precipitation likely fostered significant prehistoric cultural changes throughout the region, including increased sedentism, population, and dependence on agriculture.

Keywords

Late HoloceneAlluvial stratigraphyPaleowetlandsPaleoclimatologyColorado PlateauCarbon-14El NiñoPacific Decadal OscillationGeoarchaeology
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 87 , Issue 2 , March 2017 , pp. 227 - 245
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2017 

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