Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T21:45:18.315Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A First Step to Reconciling the GRIP and GISP2 Ice-Core Chronologies, 0–14,500 yr B.P.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

John Southon*
Affiliation:
Center for AMS, L-397, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94551-9900, E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

δ18O records from the GISP2 and GRIP ice cores are widely used as benchmark paleoclimate chronologies, but there are significant differences between the two time scales. The present study shows that offsets between the two chronologies over the past 14,500 yr do not accumulate gradually, but appear over two short intervals of 100–200 yr. An initial offset of 80 yr occurs close to 3300–3400 yr B.P., and another 100 yr of slip appears at the start of the Younger Dryas. Since these discrepancies are localized, resolving them may be far easier than if large sections of both cores required reexamination.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alley, R.B., Shuman, C.A., Meese, D.A., Gow, A.J., Taylor, K.C., Cuffey, K.M., Fitzpatrick, J.J., Grootes, P.M., Zielinski, G.A., Ram, M., Spinelli, G., and Elder, B. Visual-stratigraphic dating of the GISP2 ice core: Basis, reproducibility and application. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, (1997). 2636726381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baillie, M. G. L. (1996). Extreme environmental events and the linking of the tree-ring and ice-core chronologies.. In Tree Rings, Environment and Humanity Dean, S., Meko, D. M., and Swetnam, T. W., Eds., pp. 703711. Radiocarbon, Tucson, AZ.Google Scholar
Bard, E., Raisbeck, G.M., and Jouzel, J. Solar modulation of cosmogenic nuclide production over the last millennium: Comparisons between 14C and 10Be records. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 150, (1997). 453462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clausen, H., Mammer, C.U., Hvidberg, C.S., Dahl-Jensen, D., and Steffensen, J.P. A comparison of the volcanic records over the past 4000 years from the Greenland Ice Core Project and Dye 3 Greenland ice cores. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, (1997). 2670726723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dansgaard, W., Johnsen, S.J., Clausen, H.B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup, N.S., Hammer, C.U., Hvidberg, C.S., Stefffensen, J.P., Sveinbjornsdottir, A.E., Jouzel, J., and Bond, G. Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250-kyr ice-core record. Nature 364, (1993). 218220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finkel, R.C., and Nishiizumi, K. Beryllium 10 concentrations in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core from 3–40 ka. Journal Geophysical Research 102, (1997). 2669926706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grootes, P.M., Stuiver, M., White, J.W., Johnsen, S., and Jouzel, J. Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores. Nature 366, (1993). 552554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammer, C.U., Clausen, H.B., and Tauber, H. Ice-core dating of the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary applied to the calibration of the 14C time scale. Radiocarbon 28, (1986). 284291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammer, C. U, Andersen, K. K, Clausen, H. B, Dahl-Jensen, D, Hvidberg, C. S, and Iversen, P. (1997). The stratigraphic dating of the GRIP Ice Core. (special report), Geophysics Department, Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics, and Geophysics, University of Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Johnsen, S.J., Clausen, H.B., Dansgaard, W., Fuhrer, K., Gundestrup, N., Hammer, C.U., Iversen, P., Jouzel, J., Stauffer, B., and Steffensen, J.P. Irregular glacial interstadials recorded in a new Greenland ice core. Nature 359, (1992). 311313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kromer, B., and Spurk, M. Revision and tentative extension of the tree-ring based 14C calibration 9200-11855 cal BP. Radiocarbon 40, (1998). 11171125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manning, S. Correction. New GISP2 ice-core evidence supports 17th century BC date for the Santorini (Minoan) eruption: Response to Zielinski and Germani 1998. Journal of Archeological Science 25, (1998). 10391042.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meese, D.A., Gow, A.J., Alley, R.B., Zielinski, G.A., Grootes, P.M., Ram, M., Taylor, K.C., Mayewski, P.A., and Bolzan, J.F. The Greeneland Ice Sheet Project 2 depth-age scale: Methods and results. Journal Geophysical Research 102, (1997). 2641126423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raisbeck, G.M., Yiou, F., Fruneau, M., Loiseaux, J.M., Lieuvin, M., and Ravel, J.C. Cosmogenic 10Be/7Be as a probe of atmospheric transport processes. Geophysics Research Letters 8, (1981). 10151018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spurk, M., Friedrich, M., Hoffmann, J., Remmele, S., Frenzel, B., Leuschner, H.L., and Kromer, B. Revisions and extensions of the Hohenheim oak and pine chronologies: New evidence about the timing of the Younger Dryas/Preboreal transition. Radiocarbon 40, (1998). 11071116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M., and Braziunas, T.F. Sun, ocean, climate and atmospheric 14CO2: An evaluation of causal and spectral relationships. The Holocene 3, (1993). 289305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M., Grootes, P.M., and Braziunas, T.F. The GISP2 δ18O climate record of the past 16500 years and the role of the sun, ocean and volcanoes. Quaternary Research 44, (1995). 341354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M., Reimer, P.J., Bard, E., Beck, J.W., Burr, G.S., Hughen, K.A., Kromer, B., McCormac, G., van der Plicht, J., and Spurk, M. INTCAL98 radiocarbon age calibration 24000-0 cal BP. Radiocarbon 40, (1998). 10411083.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zielinski, G.A., and Germani, M.S. New ice core evidence challenges the 1620's BC age for the Santorini (Minoan) eruption. Journal of Archeological Science 25, (1998). 279289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zielinski, G.A., Mayewski, P.A., Meeker, L.D., Whitlow, S., Twickler, M.S., Morrison, M., Meese, D.A., Clow, A.J., and Alley, R.B. Record of volcanism since 7000 BC from the GISP2 Greenland ice core and implications for the volcano-climate system. Science 264, (1994). 948952.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed