Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-02T19:31:04.350Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Modern Pollen Assemblages and Vegetational History of the Moraines of the Klutlan Glacier and Its Surroundings, Yukon Territory, Canada☆

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

H. J. B. Birks
H. J. B. Birks*
Affiliation:
The Botany School, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Modern pollen assemblages have been studied from surficial lake muds and moss polsters collected from five vegetated ice-cored moraines of the Klutlan Glacier. The youngest vegetated moraine (K-II) is characterized by high pollen values for Salix and Hedysarum, K-III by high Salix and Shepherdia canadensis and low Hedysarum and Picea, K-IV by high Betula, Salix, and Shepherdia, and K-V and the Harris Creek moraine (HCM) by high Picea. Variations are summarized by canonical variates analysis. A percentage pollen diagram from Gull Lake on the upland east of the glacier records vegetational development since the deposition of the White River volcanic ash 1220 14C yr ago. An initial species-rich treeless vegetation was replaced by birch-alder-willow shrub-tundra, and this by open Picea glauca forest similar to present vegetation around the lake. Sites on HCM show two basic stratigraphies. Triangle Lake reflects vegetational succession from Salix-Shepherdia canadensis scrub similar to that on K-III today, through open Picea woodland of K-IV type, to closed Picea forests of K-V and HCM. Heart Lake and Cotton Pond reflect vegetational development following melting of ice underlying the spruce forests of HCM. These two types are summarized by positioning the fossil spectra on the first two canonical variate axes of the modern surface spectra.

Type
Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , July 1980 , pp. 101 - 129
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

☆

Contribution No. 204, Limnological Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. 55455.

References

Aario, L. Waldgrenzen und subrezenten Pollenspektren in Petsamo, Lappland. Annales Academiae Scientiarum fennica A54 8 1940 1-120 Google Scholar
Adam, D.P. Some Palynological Applications of Multivariate Statistics. Ph.D. thesis 1970 University of Arizona Google Scholar
Berglund, B.E. Late-Quaternary vegetation in eastern Blekinge, southeastern Sweden. I. Lateglacial time. Opera Botanica 12 1 1966 Google Scholar
Birks, H.J.B. Inwashed pollen spectra at Loch Fada, Isle of Skye. New Phytologist 69 1970 807-820 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birks, H.J.B. Past and Present Vegetation of the Isle of Skye—a Palaeoecological Study 1973 Cambridge University Press London Google Scholar
Birks, H.J.B. Late-Wisconsinan vegetational history at Wolf Creek, central Minnesota. Ecological Monographs 46 1976 395-429 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birks, H.J.B. Modern pollen rain and vegetation of the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon Territory, Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 55 1977 2367-2382 Google Scholar
Birks, H.J.B. The present flora and vegetation of the moraines of the Klutlan Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada: a study in plant succession. Quaternary Research 14 1980 60-86 Google Scholar
Birks, H.J.B. Huntley, B. Program POLLDATA.MK3. Documentation Relating to FORTRAN IV Program of 12 February 1976 1976 Sub-department of Quaternary Research, University of Cambridge Google Scholar
Birks, H.J.B. Webb, T. Berti, A.A. Numerical analysis of pollen samples from central Canada: a comparison of methods. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 20 1975 133-169 Google Scholar
Blackith, R.E. Reyment, R.A. Multivariate Morphometrics 1971 Academic Press London Google Scholar
Crocker, R.L. Major, J. Soil development in relation to vegetation and surface age at Glacier Bay, Alaska. Journal of Ecology 43 1955 427-448 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crum, H.A. Steere, W.C. Anderson, L.E. A new list of mosses of North America north of Mexico. Bryologist 76 1973 85-130 Google Scholar
Cushing, E.J. Late-Wisconsin Pollen Stratigraphy in East-central Minnesota. Ph.D. thesis 1963 University of Minnesota Google Scholar
Cushing, E.J. Redeposited pollen in late-Wisconsin pollen spectra from east-central Minnesota. American Journal of Science 262 1964 1075-1088 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cushing, E.J. Evidence for differential pollen preservation in late-Quaternary sediments in Minnesota. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 4 1967 87-101 Google Scholar
Dahl, E. Krog, H. Macrolichens of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden 1973 Universitetsforlaget Oslo Google Scholar
Denton, G.H. Karlen, W. Holocene glacial and tree-line variations in the White River Valley and Skolai Pass, Alaska and Yukon Territory. Quaternary Research 7 1977 63-111 Google Scholar
Douglas, G.W. Montane zone vegetation of the Alsek River region, southwestern Yukon. Canadian Journal of Botany 52 1974 2505-2532 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faegri, K. Iversen, J. 3rd ed. Textbook of Pollen Analysis 1975 Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford Google Scholar
Florin, M-B. Wright, H.E. Jr. Diatom evidence for the persistence of stagnant glacial ice in Minnesota. Geological Society of America Bulletin 50 1969 695-704 Google Scholar
Fredskild, B. Palaeobotanical investigations at Sermermiut, Jakobshavn, West Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 178 4 1967 Google Scholar
Gower, J.C. Adding a point to vector diagrams in multivariate analysis. Biometrika 55 1967 582-585 Google Scholar
Havinga, A.J. Palynology and pollen preservation. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 2 1967 81-98 Google Scholar
Hultén, E. Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories 1968 Stanford University Press Stanford, California Google Scholar
Hultén, E. Supplement to flora of Alaska and neighboring territories. A study in the flora of Alaska and the transberingian connection. Botaniska Notiser 126 1973 459-512 Google Scholar
Iversen, J. The late-glacial flora of Denmark and its relation to climate and soil. Danmarks geologiska Undersøgelske 80 1954 87-119 Ser. II Google Scholar
Janssen, C.R. Recent pollen spectra from the deciduous and coniferous-deciduous forest of northeastern Minnesota: a study in pollen dispersal. Ecology 47 1966 804-825 Google Scholar
Lerbekmo, J.F. Campbell, F.A. Distribution, composition, and source of the White River Ash, Yukon Territory. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 6 1969 104-116 Google Scholar
Lichti-Federovich, S. Palynology of six sections of Late Quaternary sediments from the Old Crow River, Yukon Territory. Canadian Journal of Botany 51 1973 553-564 Google Scholar
Livingstone, D.A. Some pollen profiles from Arctic Alaska. Ecology 36 1955 587-600 Google Scholar
Murray, D.F. Comments on the flora of the Steele Glacier region, Yukon Territory Fisher, M. Expedition Yukon 1970 Nelson Don Mills 178-181 Google Scholar
Murray, D.F. Notes on the alpine flora of the St. Elias Mountains. Arctic 24 1971 301-304 Google Scholar
Oxnard, C.E. Some African fossil foot bones: a note on the interpolation of fossils into a matrix of extant species. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 37 1972 3-12 Google Scholar
Porsild, A.E. Contributions to the flora of southwestern Yukon Territory. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 216 1966 1-86 Google Scholar
Prentice, I.C. Modern pollen spectra from lake sediments in Finland and Finmark, north Norway. Boreas 7 1978 131-153 Google Scholar
Prentice, I. C. (in press). Multidimensional scaling as a research tool in Quaternary palynology: a review of theory and practice. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology .Google Scholar
Rampton, V. Neoglacial fluctuations of the Natazhat and Klutlan Glaciers, Yukon Territory, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 7 1970 1236-1263 Google Scholar
Rampton, V. Late Quaternary vegetational and climatic history of the Snag-Klutlan area, southwestern Yukon Territory, Canada. Geological Society of America Bulletin 82 1971 959-978 Google Scholar
Rempe, V. Weber, E.E. An illustration of the principal ideas of MANOVA. Biometrics 28 1972 235-238 Google Scholar
Reyment, R.A. Ramden, H.A. FORTRAN IV program for canonical variates analysis for the CDC 3600 computer. Kansas Geological Survey, Computer Contribution 47 1970 Google Scholar
Ritchie, J.C. Pollen analysis of late-Quaternary sediments from the arctic treeline of the Mackenzie River Delta region, Northwest Territories Kerfoot, D.E. Mackenzie Delta Area Monograph. 22nd International Geographical Congress 1972 29-50 Google Scholar
Ritchie, J.C. Modern pollen assemblages near the arctic treeline, Mackenzie Delta region, Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Botany 52 1974 381-396 Google Scholar
Ritchie, J.C. The modern and late Quaternary vegetation of the Campbell-Dolomite uplands, near Inuvik, N. W. T. Canada. Ecological Monographs 47 1977 401-423 Google Scholar
Ritchie, J.C. Hare, F.K. Late Quaternary vegetation and climate near the arctic treeline of northwestern North America. Quaternary Research 1 1971 331-342 Google Scholar
Troels-Smith, J. Karakterising af løse jerdarter. Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelske 3 10 1955 Ser. IV Google Scholar
Watts, W.A. Late-glacial plant macrofossils from Minnesota Cushing, E.J. Wright, H.E. Jr. Quaternary Paleoecology 1967 Yale University Press New Haven 89-97 Google Scholar
Webb, T. McAndrews, J.H. Corresponding patterns of contemporary pollen and vegetation in central North America. Geologicla Society of America Memoir 145 1976 267-299 Google Scholar
Whitehead, D.R. Rochester, H. Rissing, S.W. Douglass, C.B. Sheehan, M.C. Late-glacial and postglacial productivity changes in a New England pond. Science 181 1974 744-747 Google Scholar
Wright, H.E. Jr. A square-rod piston sampler for lake sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 37 1967 975-976 Google Scholar
Wright, H. E. Jr. (in press). Cores of soft lake sediment. Boreas .CrossRefGoogle Scholar