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Marine tephrochronology of the Mt. Edgecumbe Volcanic Field, Southeast Alaska, USA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jason A. Addison ,
James E. Beget ,
Thomas A. Ager  and
Bruce P. Finney
Jason A. Addison*
Affiliation:
Alaska Quaternary Center and Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, PO Box 755780, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5780, USA Alaska Quaternary Center, PO Box 755940, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5940, USA
James E. Beget
Affiliation:
Alaska Quaternary Center and Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, PO Box 755780, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5780, USA Alaska Quaternary Center, PO Box 755940, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5940, USA
Thomas A. Ager
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 980, Box 25045, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA
Bruce P. Finney
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209-8007, USA
*
*Corresponding author. 308 Reichardt Building, AK 99775-5780, USA.E-mail addresses:[email protected] (J.A. Addison), [email protected] (J.E. Beget), [email protected] (T.A. Ager), [email protected] (B.P. Finney).
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Abstract

The Mt. Edgecumbe Volcanic Field (MEVF), located on Kruzof Island near Sitka Sound in southeast Alaska, experienced a large multiple-stage eruption during the last glacial maximum (LGM)-Holocene transition that generated a regionally extensive series of compositionally similar rhyolite tephra horizons and a single well-dated dacite (MEd) tephra. Marine sediment cores collected from adjacent basins to the MEVF contain both tephra-fall and pyroclastic flow deposits that consist primarily of rhyolitic tephra and a minor dacitic tephra unit. The recovered dacite tephra correlates with the MEd tephra, whereas many of the rhyolitic tephras correlate with published MEVF rhyolites. Correlations were based on age constraints and major oxide compositions of glass shards. In addition to LGM-Holocene macroscopic tephra units, four marine cryptotephras were also identified. Three of these units appear to be derived from mid-Holocene MEVF activity, while the youngest cryptotephra corresponds well with the White River Ash eruption at ∼ 1147 cal yr BP. Furthermore, the sedimentology of the Sitka Sound marine core EW0408-40JC and high-resolution SWATH bathymetry both suggest that extensive pyroclastic flow deposits associated with the activity that generated the MEd tephra underlie Sitka Sound, and that any future MEVF activity may pose significant risk to local population centers.

Keywords

TephraAlaskaNorth Pacific OceanCryptotephraMt. EdgecumbeWhite River AshMarine sedimentQuaternaryHoloceneGulf of Alaska
Type
Original Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 73 , Issue 2 , March 2010 , pp. 277 - 292
Copyright
University of Washington

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