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Late-Glacial Vegetation and Climate at the Manis Mastodon site, Olympic Peninsula, Washington

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Kenneth L. Petersen ,
Peter J. Mehringer Jr.  and
Carl E. Gustafson
Kenneth L. Petersen
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 USA.
Peter J. Mehringer Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology and Geology, Laboratory of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 USA.
Carl E. Gustafson
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 USA.
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Abstract

As the late Wisconsin Cordilleran Ice Sheet retreated, sediment accumulated in shallow depressions at the Manis Mastodon Archaeological site on the Olympic Peninsula, near Sequim, Washington. Pollen, plant macrofossils, and bones of mastodon, caribou, and bison occur within the lower 47 cm of these deposits. The fossil pollen and seed assemblages indicate persistence for 1000 yr (11,000–12,000 yr B.P.) of an herb-and-shrub-dominated landscape at a time when forest species appear elsewhere in Washington and in adjacent British Columbia.

At present, Sequim is near the northern coastal limits of both Cactaceae and Ceratophyllum. Mean annual precipitation is 42.7 cm and summer temperatures average 15°–16°C in July. The absence of coniferous trees and the presence of cactus and Ceratophyllum in late-glacial sediments are explained by a regional climate that was drier and at least as warm as today. These conditions persisted in the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains until at least 11,000 yr B.P.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 20 , Issue 2 , September 1983 , pp. 215 - 231
Copyright
University of Washington

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