Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T19:01:48.640Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Last Interglacial Sea Levels and Coastal Caves in the Cape Province, South Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Q. B. Hendey
Affiliation:
South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
T. P. Volman
Affiliation:
Intercollege Program in Archacology, 265 McGraw Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA

Abstract

The dating of the 6 to 8-m shoreline in southern Africa as early Pleistocene prompted a reassessment of evidence from archaeological cave sites on the south coast of the Cape Province which had suggested that this shoreline is of last interglacial age. The successions in the caves at Klasies River Mouth and Die Kelders have been misinterpreted. In fact, they confirm a pre-last interglacial age for this feature. These sites, together with Herolds Bay Cave, indicate that in southern Africa the only last interglacial shoreline above present sea level is at about 4 m, and that it dates from isotope substage 5e.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Avery, D. M. 1982 Micromammals as paleoenvironmental indicators and an interpretation of the late Quaternary in the southern Cape Province, South Africa. Annals of the South African Meseum, 85 183374 Google Scholar
Barwis, J. H. Tankard, A. J. 1983 Pleistocene shoreline deposition and sea-level history at Swartklip, South Africa. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 53 12811294 Google Scholar
Brink, J. S. Deacon, H. J. 1982 A study of a last interglacial shell midden and bone accumulation at Herolds Bay, Cape Province, South Africa. Palaeoecology of Africe, 15 3139 Google Scholar
Butzer, K. W. 1979 Preliminary notes on the geology of Die Kelder. Annals of the South African Meseum, 78 225228 Google Scholar
Butzer, K. W. 1982 Geomorphology and sediment stratigraphy. Singer, R. Wymer, J. The Middle Stone Age at Klasies River Mouth in South Africa Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 3342 Google Scholar
Carrington, A. J. Kensley, B. F. 1969 Pleistocene molluses from the Namaqualand coast. Annals of the South African Museum, 52 189223 Google Scholar
CLIMAP Project Members, 1984 The last interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research, 21 123224 Google Scholar
Cooke, H. B. S. 1963 Pleistocene mammal faunas of Africa with particular reference to southern Africa. Howell, F. C. Bourlière, F. African Ecology and Human Evolution Methuen, London, 65116 Google Scholar
Corvinus, G. 1983 The Raised Beaches of CDM on the West Coast of South West Africa/Namibia Verlag C. H. Beck, Munich Google Scholar
Davies, O. 1970 Pleistocene beaches of Natal. Annals of the Natal Museum, 20 403442 Google Scholar
Deacon, J. 1979 Guide to archaeological sites in the southern Cape. Occasional Publications, Department of Archaeology, University of Stellenbosch, 1 1149 Google Scholar
Du Toit, A. L. Haughton, S. H. 3rd ed. 1954 The Geology of South Africa Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh Google Scholar
Hails, J. R. Belperio, A. P. Gostin, V. A. 1984 Quaternary sea levels, northern Spencer Gulf, Australia. Marine Geology, 61 373389 Google Scholar
Hallam, C. D. 1959 The geology of the coastal diamond deposits of southern Africa. Haughton, S. H. The Geology of Some Ore Deposits of Southern Africa Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg, 671728 Google Scholar
Hendey, Q. B. 1981a Palaeoecology of the late Tertiary fossil occurrences in (E) Quarry, Langebaanweg, South Africa, and a reinterpretation of their geological context. Annals of the South African Museum, 84 1104 Google Scholar
Hendey, Q. B. 1981b Geological succession at Langebaanweg, Cape Province, and global events of the late Tertiary. South African Journal of Science, 77 3338 Google Scholar
Hendey, Q. B. Cooke, H. B. S. 1985 Kolpochoerus paiceae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Skurwerug, near Saldanha, South Africa, and its palaeoenvironmental implications. Annals of the South African Museum, 97 956 Google Scholar
Hobday, D. K. Jackson, M. P. A. 1979 Transgressive shore zone sedimentation and syndepositional deformation in the Pleistocene of Zululand, South Africa. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 49 145158 Google Scholar
Hobday, D. K. Orme, A. R. 1975 The Port Durnford Formation: A major Pleistocene barrierlagoon complex along the Zululand coast. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 77 141149 Google Scholar
Klein, R. G. 1975 Middle Stone Age man-animal relationships in southern Africa: Evidence from Die Kelders and Klasies River Mouth. Science (Washington, D.C.), 190 265267 Google Scholar
Klein, R. G. 1976 The mammalian fauna of the Klasies River Mouth sites, southern Cape Province, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 31 7598 Google Scholar
Klein, R. G. 1983 Palaeoenvironmental implications of Quaternary large mammals in the fynbos region. Deacon, H. J. Hendey, Q. B. Lambrechts, J. J. N. Fynbos Palaeoecology: A Preliminary Synthesis. South African National Scientific Programmes Report No 75. Council for Scientific and Inductrial Research, Petoria, 116138 Google Scholar
Maud, R. R. 1968 Quaternary geomorphology and soil formation in coastal Natal. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie N. F. Supplementband, 7 155199 Google Scholar
Schweitzer, F. R. 1979 Excavations at Die Kelders, Cape Province, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 78 101233 Google Scholar
Shackleton, N. J. 1982 Stratigraphy and chronology of the KRM deposits: Oxygen isotope evidence. Singer, R. Wymer, J. The Middle Stone Age at Klasies River Mouth in South Africa Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 194199 Google Scholar
Singer, R. Wymer, J. 1982 The Middle Stone Age at Klasies River Mouth in South Africa Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago Google Scholar
Tankard, A. J. 1976a Pleistocene history and coastal morphology of the Ysterfontein-Elands Bay area, Cape Province. Annals of the South African Museum, 69 73119 Google Scholar
Tankard, A. J. 1976b Cenozoic sea-level changes: A discussion. Annals of the South African Museum, 71 117 Google Scholar
Tankard, A. J. 1976c The stratigraphy of a coastal cave and its palaeoclimatic significance. Palaeoecology of Africa, 9 151159 Google Scholar
Tankard, A. J. Schweitzer, F. R. 1974 The geology of Die Kelders Cave and environs: A palaeoenvironmental study. South African Journal of Science, 70 365369 Google Scholar
Tankard, A. J. Schweitzer, F. R. 1976 Textural analysis of cave sediments: Die Kelders, Cape Province, South Africa. Davidson, D. A. Shackley, M. L. Geoarchaeology Duckworth, London, 289316 Google Scholar
Voigt, E. A. 1982 The molluscan fauna. Singer, R. Wymer, J. The Middle Stone Age at Klasies River Mouth in South Africa Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 155186 Google Scholar
Volman, T. P. 1984 Early prehistory of southern Africa. Klein, R. G. Southern African Prehistory and Paleoenvironments Balkema, Rotterdam, 169220 Google Scholar