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Role of uncoupled and non-coupled oxidations in maintenance of safely low levels of oxygen and its one-electron reductants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 March 2009

Vladimir P. Skulachev
Vladimir P. Skulachev
Affiliation:
Department of Bioenergetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia
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Abstract

To proceed at a high rate, phosphorylating respiration requires ADP to be available. In the resting state, when the energy consumption is low, the ADP concentration decreases so that phosphorylating respiration ceases. This may result in an increase in the intracellular concentrations of O2 as well as of one-electron O2 reductants such as These two events should dramatically enhance non-enzymatic formation of reactive oxygen species, i.e. of , and OHׁ, and, hence, the probability of oxidative damage to cellular components. In this paper, a concept is put forward proposing that non-phosphorylating (uncoupled or non-coupled) respiration takes part in maintenance of low levels of both O2 and the O2 reductants when phosphorylating respiration fails to do this job due to lack of ADP.

In particular, it is proposed that some increase in the H+ leak of mitochondrial membrane in State 4 lowers , stimulates O2 consumption and decreases the level of which otherwise accumulates and serves as one-electron O2 reductant. In this connection, the role of natural uncouplers (thyroid hormones), recouplers (male sex hormones and progesterone), non-specific pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and apoptosis, as well as of non-coupled electron transfer chains in plants and bacteria will be considered.

Keywords

uncouplingrecouplingsuperoxideantioxidantthyroxinetestosteronesemiquinonerespirationmitochondrial poreapoptosis
Type
Research Article
Information
Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics , Volume 29 , Issue 2 , May 1996 , pp. 169 - 202
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

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