Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T20:23:43.452Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Science Programs for a 2-m Class Telescope at Dome C, Antarctica: PILOT, the Pathfinder for an International Large Optical Telescope

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2013

M. G. Burton ,
J. S. Lawrence ,
M. C. B. Ashley ,
J. A. Bailey ,
C. Blake ,
T. R. Bedding ,
J. Bland-Hawthorn ,
I. A. Bond ,
K. Glazebrook  and
M. G. Hidas
...Show all authors
M. G. Burton*
Affiliation:
School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
J. S. Lawrence
Affiliation:
School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
M. C. B. Ashley
Affiliation:
School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
J. A. Bailey
Affiliation:
Anglo Australian Observatory, Epping NSW 1710, Australia Centre for Astrobiology, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia
C. Blake
Affiliation:
School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
T. R. Bedding
Affiliation:
University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
J. Bland-Hawthorn
Affiliation:
Anglo Australian Observatory, Epping NSW 1710, Australia
I. A. Bond
Affiliation:
Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
K. Glazebrook
Affiliation:
John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
M. G. Hidas
Affiliation:
School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
G. Lewis
Affiliation:
University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
S. N. Longmore
Affiliation:
School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
S. T. Maddison
Affiliation:
Swinburne University, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia
S. Mattila
Affiliation:
Stockholm Observatory, Stockholm, Sweden
V. Minier
Affiliation:
CEA Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Paris, France
S. D. Ryder
Affiliation:
Anglo Australian Observatory, Epping NSW 1710, Australia
R. Sharp
Affiliation:
Anglo Australian Observatory, Epping NSW 1710, Australia
C. H. Smith
Affiliation:
Electro Optics Systems, Queanbeyan NSW 2620, Australia
J. W. V. Storey
Affiliation:
School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
C. G. Tinney
Affiliation:
Anglo Australian Observatory, Epping NSW 1710, Australia
P. Tuthill
Affiliation:
University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
A. J. Walsh
Affiliation:
School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
W. Walsh
Affiliation:
School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
M. Whiting
Affiliation:
School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
T. Wong
Affiliation:
School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility, Epping NSW 1710, Australia
D. Woods
Affiliation:
School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
P. C. M. Yock
Affiliation:
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
*
MCorresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The cold, dry, and stable air above the summits of the Antarctic plateau provides the best ground-based observing conditions from optical to sub-millimetre wavelengths to be found on the Earth. Pathfinder for an International Large Optical Telescope (PILOT) is a proposed 2 m telescope, to be built at Dome C in Antarctica, able to exploit these conditions for conducting astronomy at optical and infrared wavelengths. While PILOT is intended as a pathfinder towards the construction of future grand-design facilities, it will also be able to undertake a range of fundamental science investigations in its own right. This paper provides the performance specifications for PILOT, including its instrumentation. It then describes the kinds of projects that it could best conduct. These range from planetary science to the search for other solar systems, from star formation within the Galaxy to the star formation history of the Universe, and from gravitational lensing caused by exo-planets to that produced by the cosmic web of dark matter. PILOT would be particularly powerful for wide-field imaging at infrared wavelengths, achieving near diffraction-limited performance with simple tip–tilt wavefront correction. PILOT would also be capable of near diffraction-limited performance in the optical wavebands, as well be able to open new wavebands for regular ground-based observation, in the mid-IR from 17 to 40 μm and in the sub-millimetre at 200 μm.

Keywords

telescopessite testingatmospheric effectstechniques: high angular resolutionstars: formationcosmology: observations
Type
Research Article
Information
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia , Volume 22 , Issue 3: Featuring Gravity Workshop 2004 , 2005 , pp. 199 - 235
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of Australia 2005

References

Abe, F., et al. 2004, Sci, 305, 1264 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
André, P., Motte, F., & Bacmann, A. 1999, ApJL, 513, L57 Google Scholar
Angel, J. R. P., & Woolf, N. J. 1997, ApJ, 475, 373 Google Scholar
Angel, R. 2005, Proc. SPIE, 5487, 1 Google Scholar
Angel, R., Lawrence, J., & Storey, J. 2004, Proc. SPIE, 5382, 76 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aristidi, E., et al. 2005, A&A, 430, 739 Google Scholar
Aristidi, E., Agabi, K., Vernin, J., Azouit, M., Martin, F., Ziad, A., & Fossat, E. 2003, A&A, 406, L19 Google Scholar
Ashley, M. C. B., Burton, M. G., Calisse, P. G., Phillips, A., & Storey, J. W. V. 2005, in IAU Pub. Highlights in Astronomy, 13, eds. O. Engvold, & M. G. Burton (Ast. Soc. Pac.), in pressGoogle Scholar
Ashley, M. C. B., Burton, M. G., Lawrence, J. S., & Storey, J. W. V. 2004, AN, 325, 619 Google Scholar
Ashley, M. C. B., Burton, M. G., Storey, J. W. V., Lloyd, J. P., Bally, J., Briggs, J. W., & Harper, D. A. 1996, PASP, 108, 721 Google Scholar
Bacon, D. J., Massey, R. J., Refregier, A. R., & Ellis, R. S. 2003, MNRAS, 344, 673 Google Scholar
Bailey, J., Chamberlain, S., Walter, M., & Crisp, D. 2004, in Proc. 3rd European Workshop in Exo-Astrobiology, ESA-SP 545, 7, eds. A. Harris, & L. Ouwehand (Noordwijk: ESA Publications)Google Scholar
Baldwin, J. E., Tubbs, R. N., Cox, G. C., Mackay, C. D., Wilson, R. W., & Andersen, M. I. 2001, A&A, 368, L1 Google Scholar
Bartelmann, M., Huss, A., Colberg, J. M., Jenkins, A., & Pearce, F. R. 1998, A&A, 330, 1 Google Scholar
Bartelmann, M., Meneghetti, M., Perrotta, F., Baccigalupi, C., & Moscardini, L. 2003, A&A, 409, 449 Google Scholar
Bedding, T. R., & Kjeldsen, H. 2003, PASA, 20, 203 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benjamin, R. A., et al. 2003, PASP, 115, 953 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, D. P., et al. 2004, Proc. SPIE, 5487, 145 Google Scholar
Bergin, E. A., Alves, J., Huard, T., & Lada, C. J. 2002, ApJ, 570, L101 Google Scholar
Bond, I. A., et al. 2002, MNRAS, 333, 71 Google Scholar
Bond, I. A., et al. 2004, ApJ, 606, L155 Google Scholar
Bonnell, I. A., & Bate, M. R. 2002, MNRAS, 336, 659 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, T. M. 2003, ApJ, 593, L125 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, T. M., Ferguson, H. C., Smith, E., Kimble, R. A., Sweigart, A. V., Renzini, A., Rich, R., & VandenBerg, D. A. 2003, ApJ, 592, L17 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burrows, A., Hubbard, W. B., Lunine, J. I., & Liebert, J. 2001, RvMP, 73, 719 Google Scholar
Burton, M. G., Storey, J. W. V., & Ashley, M. C. B. 2001, PASA, 18, 158 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, M. G., et al. 1994, PASA, 11, 127 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, M. G., et al. 2000, ApJ, 542, 359 Google Scholar
Caldwell, D. A., Borucki, W. J., Showen, R. L., Jenkins, J. M., Doyle, L., Ninkov, Z., & Ashley, M. 2004, in Bioastronomy 2002: Life Among the Stars, Proc. IAU Symp. 213, 93, eds. R. Norris, & F. Stootman (San Fransisco, CA: ASP)Google Scholar
Calisse, P. G., Ashley, M. C. B., Burton, M. G., Phillips, M. A., Storey, J. W. V., Radford, S. J. E., & Peterson, J. B. 2004, PASA, 21, 256 Google Scholar
Candidi, M., & Lori, A. 2003, MmSAI, 74, 29 Google Scholar
Cen, R. 2003, ApJ, 591, 12 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chamberlain, M. A., Ashley, M. C. B., Burton, M. G., Phillips, M. A., & Storey, J. W. V. 2000, ApJ, 535, 501 Google Scholar
Chamberlin, R. A., Lane, A. P., & Stark, A. A. 1997, ApJ, 476, 428 Google Scholar
Chamberlin, R. A., Martin, R. N., Martin, C. L., & Stark, A. A. 2003, Proc. SPIE, 4855, 9 Google Scholar
Chanover, N. J., Glenar, D. A., & Hillman, J. J. 1998, JGR, 103, 31355 Google Scholar
Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 2002, RvMP, 74, 1073 Google Scholar
Clough, S. A., & Iacono, M. J. 1995, JGR, 100, 16519 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coudé du Foresto, V., Swain, M., Schneider, J., & Allard, F. 2003, MSAIS, 2, 212 Google Scholar
Dantowitz, R. F., Teare, S. W., & Kozubal, M. J. 2000, AJ, 119, 2455 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dempsey, J. T., Storey, J. W. V., & Phillips, M. A. 2005, PASA, 22, 91 Google Scholar
Dickinson, M., et al. 2000, ApJ, 531, 624 Google Scholar
Doherty, M., et al. 2004, MNRAS, 354, 7 Google Scholar
Drake, A. J., & Cook, K. H. 2004, ApJ, 604, 379 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egan, M. P., van Dyk, S. D., & Price, S. D. 2001, AJ, 122, 1844 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erb, D. P., Shapley, A. E., Steidel, C. C., Pettini, M., Adelberger, K. L., Hunt, M. P., Moorwood, A. F. M., & Cuby, J. 2003, ApJ, 591, 101 Google Scholar
Ferguson, A. M. N., Irwin, M. J., Ibata, R. A., Lewis, G. F., & Tanvir, N. R. 2002, AJ, 124, 1452 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forget, F., Hourdin, F., Fournier, R., Hourdin, C., Talagrand, O., Collins, M., Lewis, S. R., Read, P. L., & Huot, J.-P. 1999, JGRE, 104, 24155 Google Scholar
Fossat, E. 2003, MSAIS, 2, 139 Google Scholar
Fowler, A. M., et al. 1998, Proc. SPIE, 3354, 1170 Google Scholar
Franx, M., et al. 2003, ApJ, 587, L79 Google Scholar
Freedman, W. L., et al. 2001, ApJ, 533, 47 Google Scholar
Freeman, K., & Bland-Hawthorn, J. 2002, ARAA, 40, 487 Google Scholar
Gibb, E. L., et al. 2000, ApJ, 536, 347 Google Scholar
Gladders, M. D., Hoekstra, H., Yee, H. K. C., Hall, P. B., & Barrientos, L. F. 2003, ApJ, 593, 48 Google Scholar
Glazebrook, K., et al. 2004, Natur, 430, 181 Google Scholar
Glazebrook, K., Blake, C., Economou, F., Lilly, S., & Colless, M. 1999, MNRAS, 306, 843 Google Scholar
Gould, A., & Loeb, A. 1992, ApJ, 396, 104 Google Scholar
Gray, M. E., Taylor, A. N., Meisenheimer, K., Dye, S., Wolf, C., & Thommes, E. 2002, ApJ, 568, 141 Google Scholar
Griest, K., & Safizadeh, N. 1998, ApJ, 500, 37 Google Scholar
Hereld, M. 1994, in Astrophys., & Sp. Sci. Lib., 190, Infrared Astronomy with Arrays, the Next Generation, ed. I. McLean (Dordrecht: Kluwer), 248 Google Scholar
Hester, J. J., et al. 2002, ApJ, 577, L49 Google Scholar
Hidas, M. G., Burton, M. G., Chamberlain, M. A., & Storey, J. W. V. 2000, PASA, 17, 260 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hidas, M. G., et al. 2005, MNRAS, 360, 703 Google Scholar
Hoekstra, H., Franx, M., Kuijken, K., & Squires, G. 1998, ApJ, 504, 636 Google Scholar
Hoekstra, H., Yee, H. K. C., & Gladders, M. D. 2002, NewAR, 46, 767 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoekstra, H., Yee, H. K. C., & Gladders, M. D. 2004, ApJ, 606, 67 Google Scholar
Hopkins, A. M., Connolly, A. J., & Szalay, A. S. 2000, AJ, 120, 2843 Google Scholar
Ibata, R., Irwin, M., Lewis, G., Ferguson, A. M. N., & Tanvir, N. 2001, Natur, 412, 49 Google Scholar
Ibata, R., Chapman, S., Ferguson, A. M. N., Irwin, M., Lewis, G., & McConnachie, A. W. 2004, MNRAS, 351, 117 Google Scholar
Indermuehle, B. T., Burton, M. G., & Maddison, S. T. 2005, PASA, 22, 73 Google Scholar
Ivezić, Z., & Elitzur, M. 1997, MNRAS, 287, 799 Google Scholar
Juneau, S., et al. 2005, ApJL, 619, 135 Google Scholar
Kaiser, N., & Squires, G. 1993, ApJ, 404, 441 Google Scholar
Kaiser, N., Squires, G., & Broadhurst, T. 1995, ApJ, 449, 460 Google Scholar
King, L. J., Clowe, D. I., Lidman, C., Schneider, P., Erben, T., Kneib, J.-P., & Meylan, G. 2002, A&A, 385, 5 Google Scholar
Kirkpatrick, J. D., Allard, F., Bida, T., Zuckerman, B., Becklin, E. E., Chabrier, G., & Baraffe, I. 1999, ApJ, 519, 802 Google Scholar
Kjeldsen, H., & Frandsen, S. 1992, PASP, 104, 413 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kochanek, C. 2002, ApJ, 578, 25 Google Scholar
Kochanek, C., & Schechter, P. 2004, in Measuring and Modeling the Universe, Carnegie Ob. Ast. Ser., ed. W. L. Freedman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 117 Google Scholar
Lada, C. 1999a, in NATO ASIC Proc. 540, The Origin of Stars and Planetary Systems, 143 (Dordrecht: Kluwer)Google Scholar
Lada, E. 1999b, in NATO ASIC Proc. 540, The Origin of Stars and Planetary Systems, 441 (Dordrecht: Kluwer)Google Scholar
Lamb, D. Q., & Reichart, D. E. 2001, Proc. 20th Texas Symp. on Relativistic Astrophysics, AIPC, 586, 605 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, A. P. 1998, in ASP Conf. Proc., Vol. 141, eds. G. Novak, & R. H. Landsberg, 289 (San Fransisco, CA: ASP)Google Scholar
Lane, A. P., & Stark, A. A. 1997, Ant. J. US, 30, 377 Google Scholar
Lardière, O., Salinari, P., Jolissaint, L., Carbillet, M., Riccardi, A., & Esposito, S. 2004, Proc. SPIE, 5382, 550 Google Scholar
Lawrence, J. 2004a, PASP, 116, 482 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, J. 2004b, ApOpt, 43, 1435 Google Scholar
Lawrence, J. S., Ashley, M. C. B., Tokovinin, A., & Travouillon, T. 2004, Natur, 431, 278 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, G. F., & Belle, K. E. 1998, MNRAS, 297, 69 Google Scholar
Lewis, G. F., Irwin, M. J., Hewett, P. C., & Foltz, C. B. 1998, MNRAS, 295, 573 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lilly, S. J., Le Fevre, O., Hammer, F., & Crampton, D. 1996, ApJ, 460, L1 Google Scholar
Lloyd, J. P., Oppenheimer, B. R., & Graham, J. R. 2002, PASA, 19, 318 Google Scholar
Longmore, S. N., Burton, M. G., Minier, V., & Walsh, A. J. 2005, MNRAS, submittedGoogle Scholar
Madau, P., Ferguson, H. C., Dickinson, M. E., Giavalisco, M., Steidel, C. C., & Fruchter, A. 1996, MNRAS, 283, 1388 Google Scholar
Maercker, M., Burton, M. G., & Wright, C. 2005, A&A, submittedGoogle Scholar
Mao, S., & Paczynski, B. 1991, ApJ, 374, L37 Google Scholar
Marcy, G. W., & Butler, R. P. 1998, ARAA, 36, 57 Google Scholar
Marks, R. D. 2002, A&A, 385, 328 Google Scholar
Marks, R. D., Vernin, J., Azouit, M., Briggs, J. W., Burton, M. G., Ashley, M. C. B., & Manigault, J. F. 1996, A&AS, 118, 385 Google Scholar
Marks, R. D., Vernin, J., Azouit, M., Manigault, J. F., & Clevelin, C. 1999, A&AS, 134, 161 Google Scholar
Martin, C. L., Walsh, W. M., Xiao, K., Lane, A. P., Walker, C. K., & Stark, A. A. 2004, ApJS, 150, 239 Google Scholar
Mattila, S., & Meikle, W. P. S. 2001, MNRAS, 324, 325 Google Scholar
McConnachie, A. W., Irwin, M. J., Lewis, G. F., Ibata, R. A., Chapman, S. C., Ferguson, A. M. N., & Tanvir, N. R. 2004, MNRAS, 351, 94 Google Scholar
McKee, C. F., & Tan, J. C. 2002, Natur, 416, 59 Google Scholar
Mediavilla, E., et al. 1998, ApJ, 503, 27 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melatos, A., et al. 2005, ApJ, in pressGoogle Scholar
Minier, V., Burton, M. G., Hill, T., Pestalozzi, M. R., Purcell, C., Longmore, S., Garay, G., & Walsh, A. 2005, A&A, 429, 945 Google Scholar
Motta, V., Mediavilla, E., Munoz, J. A., & Falco, E. 2004, ApJ, 613, 86 Google Scholar
Nguyen, H. T., Rauscher, B. J., Severson, S. A., Hereld, M., Harper, D. A., Lowenstein, R. F., Morozek, F., & Pernic, R. J. 1996, PASP, 108, 718 Google Scholar
Oppenheimer, B. R., Kulkarni, S. R., Matthews, K., & van Kerkwijk, M. H. 1995, Sci, 270, 1478 Google Scholar
Paczynski, B. 1986, ApJ, 304, 1 Google Scholar
Payne, J. M. 2002, in ASP Conf. Ser., 278. Single-Dish Radio Astronomy: Techniques and Applications, 453 (San Fransisco, CA: ASP)Google Scholar
Phillips, M. A., Burton, M. G., Ashley, M. C. B., Storey, J. W. V., Lloyd, J. P., Harper, D. A., & Bally, J. 1999, ApJ, 527, 1009 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pojmanski, G. 2002, AcA, 52, 397 Google Scholar
Ragazzoni, R., et al. 2004, Proc. SPIE, 5489, 481 Google Scholar
Refregier, A. R. 2003, ARAA, 41, 645 Google Scholar
Rhie, S. H., et al. 2000, ApJ, 533, 378 Google Scholar
Rhoads, J. E., et al. 2004, ApJ, 611, 59 Google Scholar
Ruhl, J., et al. 2004, Proc. SPIE, 5498, 11 Google Scholar
Ryder, S. D., Sadler, E. M., Subrahmanyan, R., Weiler, K. W., Panagia, N., & Stockdale, C. 2004, MNRAS, 349, 1093 Google Scholar
Shao, M., & Colavita, M. M. 1992, A&A, 262, 353 Google Scholar
Staguhn, J. G., et al. 2003, Proc. SPIE, 4855, 100 Google Scholar
Stark, A. A. 2002, AIP Conf. Proc., 616, Experimental Cosmology at Millimetre Wavelengths, 83 Google Scholar
Stark, A. A. 2003, The Future of Small Telescopes in The New Millennium, Vol. II: The Telescopes We Use, 269 (Dordrecht: Kluwer)Google Scholar
Stark, A. A., Bolatto, A. D., Chamberlin, R. A., Lane, A. P., Bania, T. M., Jackson, J. M., & Lo, K.-Y. 1997, ApJ, 480, L59 Google Scholar
Steidel, C. C., Adelberger, K. L., Giavalisco, M., Dickinson, M., & Pettini, M. 1999, ApJ, 519, 1 Google Scholar
Storey, J. W. V. 2004, Proc. SPIE, 5491, 169 Google Scholar
Storey, J. W. V., Ashley, M. C. B., Lawrence, J. S., & Burton, M. G. 2003, Mem. Soc. Ast. It., 2, 13 Google Scholar
Storey, J. W. V., Burton, M. G., & Ashley, M. C. B. 2002, Proc. SPIE, 4835, 110 Google Scholar
Swain, M. R., Coudé du Foresto, V., Fossat, E., & Vakili, F. 2003, MSAIS, 2, 207 Google Scholar
Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Collaboration, 2002, PRvL, 89, 011301Google Scholar
Swinbank, A. M., et al. 2005, MNRAS, 359, 401 Google Scholar
Tingley, B. 2004, A&A, 425, 1125 Google Scholar
Travouillon, T., Ashley, M. C. B., Burton, M. G., Storey, J. W. V., & Loewenstein, R. F. 2003a, A&A, 400, 1163 Google Scholar
Travouillon, T., et al. 2003b, A&A, 409, 1169 Google Scholar
Vakili, F., et al. 2004, Proc. SPIE, 5491, 1580 Google Scholar
van Dishoeck, E. F. 2004, ARAA, 42, 119 Google Scholar
van Loon, J. Th. 2000, A&A, 354, 125 Google Scholar
Walden, V. P., Town, M. S., Halter, B., & Storey, J. W. V. 2005, PASP, 117, 300 Google Scholar
Wambsganss, J., Bode, P., & Ostriker, J. P. 2004, ApJ, 606, 93 Google Scholar
Ward-Thompson, D., André, P., & Kirk, J. M. 2002, MNRAS, 329, 257 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wayth, R. B., Warren, S. J., Lewis, G. F., & Hewett, P. C. 2005, MNRAS, 360, 1333 Google Scholar
Wood, P. R. 1998, A&A, 338, 592 Google Scholar
Yan, L., McCarthy, P. J., Freudling, W., Teplitz, H. I., Malumuth, E. M., Weymann, R. J., & Malkan, M. A. 1999, ApJ, 519, L47 Google Scholar
Yan, H., & Windhorst, R. A. 2004, ApJ, 612, 93 Google Scholar