Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T06:23:32.382Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Classification of M 1-78

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 April 2016

G. T. Gussie*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia [email protected]

Abstract

The published properties of M1-78 are discussed with the purpose of resolving the object’s classification as either a planetary nebula or an ultracompact HII region. A classification as a planetary nebula is rejected primarily because of the high luminosity of the object, but because of the chemical composition and expansion velocity of the nebula, a novel classification is proposed instead: that of an ultracompact HII region with a post-main sequence central star (possibly a WN star). It must therefore follow that observable ultracompact HII regions persist beyond the main sequence lifetimes of at least some massive stars, and so cannot be transient phenomena that are seen only during pre-main sequence or early main sequence evolution.

Type
Gallactic and Stellar
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of Australia 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, D.C., Bieging, J. H., Churchwell, E., & Torres, A. V. 1986, ApJ, 303, 239 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbott, D. C., & Conti, P. S. 1987, ARA&A, 25, 113 Google Scholar
Acker, A. 1978, A&AS, 84, 229 Google Scholar
Allen, C. W. 1976, Astrophysical Quantities (London: Athlone), 263 Google Scholar
Antonopolou, E., & Pottasch, S. R. 1987, A&A, 173, 108 Google Scholar
Bujarrabal, V., Gómez-González, J., Bachiller, R., & Martín-Pintado, J. 1988, A&A, 204, 242 Google Scholar
Cahn, J. H., & Kaler, J. B. 1971, ApJS, 22, 319 Google Scholar
Chiosi, C., Nasi, E., & Sreenivasan, S. 1978, A&A, 63, 103 Google Scholar
Churchwell, E. 1990, A&AR, 2, 279 Google Scholar
Churchwell, E., Terzian, Y., & Walmsley, M. 1976, A&A, 48, 331 Google Scholar
Churchwell, E., Walmsley, C. M., & Wood, D. O. S. 1992, A&A, 253, 541 Google Scholar
Esteban, C., Vilchez, J. M., & Machado, M. A. 1990, A&A, 227, 515 Google Scholar
Forster, J. R., Caswell, J. L., Okumura, S. K., Hasegawa, T., & Ishiguro, M. 1990, A&A, 231, 473 Google Scholar
Greggio, L. 1984, IAU Symp, 105, 299, 329Google Scholar
Gussie, G. T., & Taylor, A. R. 1989, PASP, 101, 873 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gussie, G. T., & Taylor, A. R. 1994, MNRAS, in pressGoogle Scholar
Huggins, P. J., & Healy, A. P. 1989, ApJ, 346, 201 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kippenhahn, R. 1981, A&A, 102, 293 Google Scholar
Kwitter, K.B. 1981, ApJ, 245, 154 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwitter, K.B. 1984, ApJ, 287, 840 Google Scholar
Kwok, S., Purton, C. R., & Fitzgerald, M. P. 1978, ApJ, 219, L125 Google Scholar
Mac Low, M., Van Buren, D., Wood, D. O. S., & Churchwell, E. 1991, ApJ, 369, 395 Google Scholar
Maciel, W. J. 1984, A&AS, 55, 253 Google Scholar
Maeder, A. 1984, IAU Symp, 105, 299 Google Scholar
Massey, P. 1981, ApJ, 246, 153 Google Scholar
Mezger, P. G. 1972, in Interstellar Matter, ed. Wickramasinghe, N.C. et al. (Astronomical Institute: University of Basel), 6 Google Scholar
Morris, M. 1980, ApJ, 236, 823 Google Scholar
Paczynski, B. 1970, Acta Astron, 20, 47 Google Scholar
Pauldrach, A., Kudritzki, R. P., Gabler, R., & Wagner, A. 1988, in Mass Loss Outflows from Stars and Galactic Nuclei, ed. Bianchi, L. & Gillmozzi, R. (Dordrecht: Kluwer), 63 Google Scholar
Perek, L., & Kohoutek, L. 1967, Catalog of Planetary Nebulae (Prague: Czechoslovak Institute of Sciences)Google Scholar
Perinotto, M. 1991, ApJS, 76, 687 Google Scholar
Phillips, J. P., Mampaso, A., Williams, P. G., & Ukita, N. 1991, A&A, 247, 156 Google Scholar
Pottasch, S. R., Baud, B., Beintma, D., Emerson, J., Habing, H. J. Harris, S., Houck, J., Jennings, R., & Marsden, P. 1984, A&A, 138, 10 Google Scholar
Puche, D., Zijlstra, A. A., Boettcher, C., Plante, R. L., Wilcots, E. M., Wilkin, F. P., Krause, S., Sergo, S. P., Bierman, G. S., Ge, J., Holliman, J. H., Wu, X., & Zhao, J. H. 1988, A&A, 206, 89 Google Scholar
Roberts, M. S. 1962, AJ, 67, 79 Google Scholar
Scott, P. F., & Harris, S. 1978, MNRAS, 182, 657 Google Scholar
Soptka, R. J., Hildebrand, R., Jaffe, D. T., Gatley, I., Roellig, T., Werner, M., Jura, M., & Zuckerman, B. 1985, ApJ, 294, 242 Google Scholar
Terzian, Y., Higgs, L. A., MacLeod, J. M., & Doherty, L. H. 1974, AJ, 79, 1018 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Underhill, A. B. 1983, ApJ, 265, 933 Google Scholar
Weinberger, R. 1989, A&AS, 78, 301 Google Scholar
Willis, A. J. 1982, MNRAS, 198, 897 Google Scholar
Wood, D.O. S., & Churchwell, E. 1989, ApJS, 69, 831 Google Scholar
Woodward, C. E., Pipher, J. L., Forrest, W. J., Moneti, A., & Shure, M. A. 1992, ApJ, 385, 567 Google Scholar
Zijlstra, A. A., Pottasch, S. R., & Bignell, C. 1990, A&AS, 82, 273 Google Scholar
Zuckerman, B., Palmer, P., Morris, M., Turner, B. E., Gilra, D. P., Bowers, P. F., & Gilmore, W. 1977, ApJ, 211, L97 CrossRefGoogle Scholar