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Lifetime alcohol consumption and breast cancer: a case–control study in Finland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2007

Satu Männistö ,
Mikko Virtanen ,
Vesa Kataja ,
Matti Uusitupa  and
Pirjo Pietinen
Satu Männistö*
Affiliation:
National Public Health Institute, Department of Nutrition, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland.
Mikko Virtanen
Affiliation:
National Public Health Institute, Department of Nutrition, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland.
Vesa Kataja
Affiliation:
Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Oncology, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Matti Uusitupa
Affiliation:
University of Kuopio, Department of Clinical Nutrition, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Pirjo Pietinen
Affiliation:
National Public Health Institute, Department of Nutrition, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland.
*
*Corresponding author: Email [email protected]
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Abstract

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Objective

To study the association between lifetime alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer.

Design and setting

A case–control study carried out in eastern Finland. Information about alcohol consumption was obtained by two methods: a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) including alcohol consumption during the previous 12 months, and a lifetime alcohol consumption questionnaire (AQ) which was administered by the study nurse.

Subjects

The study consisted of 301 breast cancer cases (25–75 years old) and 443 population controls.

Results

The subjects reported higher current alcohol consumption in the AQ compared to the FFQ. According to the AQ, premenopausal cases consumed on average 28 g and controls 24 g alcohol week−1; in postmenopausal women the values were 15 and 14 g, respectively. About 30% of premenopausal and 60% of postmenopausal women were classified as non-drinkers. The correlation for current alcohol consumption between the FFQ and the AQ was 0.80 in premenopausal women but only 0.40 in postmenopausal women. Current alcohol consumption seemed to influence the reporting of total lifetime alcohol consumption. Current alcohol consumption was not associated with the risk of breast cancer either in premenopausal or postmenopausal women; neither were associations found between alcohol consumption at age of first use, use before the age of 30, or total lifetime alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer.

Conclusions

On average, one to three drinks per week did not increase the risk of breast cancer in this study. Consumption levels were, however, too low to exclude increased risk with high regular consumption. Further research is necessary on lifetime alcohol consumption.

Keywords

Alcohol consumptionBreast cancerCase–control studyEpidemiology and validity
Type
Research Article
Information
Public Health Nutrition , Volume 3 , Issue 1 , March 2000 , pp. 11 - 18
Copyright
Copyright © CABI Publishing 2000

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