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Five-year follow-up of a food-based vitamin A intervention in Tanzania

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2007

Diana Kidala ,
Ted Greiner  and
Mehari Gebre-Medhin
Diana Kidala
Affiliation:
Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
Ted Greiner
Affiliation:
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Section for International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
Mehari Gebre-Medhin*
Affiliation:
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Section for International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
*
*Corresponding author: Email Mehari,[email protected]
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Abstract

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Objective

To evaluate the long-term effects of a horticultural and nutrition education intervention in rural Tanzania.

Design

A quasi-experimental post-test design was used.

Setting

The research was carried out in 10 villages in Singida region, Tanzania.

Subjects

Mothers and their children aged 6–71 months (n = 236) from an experimental (Ilongero) and control (Ihanja) area were interviewed regarding knowledge and practices related to vitamin A nutrition. Intake of vitamin A-rich foods by the children during the 7 days prior to the interview was recorded. Stools were examined for helminths and serum samples were analysed for retinol and C-reactive protein (CRP) (n = 146) for the children aged 12–71 months.

Results

Knowledge and practices were more favourable to vitamin A intake in the experimental area than in the control area, and an increased frequency of intake of green leaves was associated with higher serum retinol values. The experimental area had lower mean serum retinol levels (13.7 μg dl−1, n = 75) than the control area (19.3 μg dl−1, n = 71). One likely confounder was the higher helminth infestation in the experimental area (n = 75, 79%) than in the control area (n = 71, 49%) (P > 0.001). Children with helminths (n = 94) had a lower mean serum retinol level than those without (n = 52) (12.3 ± 5 vs. 24 ± 10 μg dl−1; P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Food-based vitamin A programmes can make sustainable improvements in knowledge and dietary practices but these may not necessarily be reflected in increases in serum retinol. Programme implementation and evaluation should take confounders into consideration as, in this case, helminth infestation.

Keywords

Nutrition educationVitamin AHelminthsChildrenNutrition interventionFoodSerum retinolTanzania
Type
Research Article
Information
Public Health Nutrition , Volume 3 , Issue 4 , December 2000 , pp. 425 - 431
Copyright
Copyright © CABI Publishing 2000

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