Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-21T08:17:30.091Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Breast-feeding in Spain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2001

MJ Lozano de la Torre*
Affiliation:
Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Children's Department, Cantabria University, E-39008 Santander, Spain
J Martín-Calama
Affiliation:
Obispo Polanco Hospital, Children's Department, Teruel, Spain
MT Hernandez-Aguilar
Affiliation:
Fuente de San Luís, Public Health, Primary Care Centre, Valencia, Spain
*
*Corresponding author: Email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Human milk is the best way to nurture the human infant. By breast-feeding their babies, mothers provide them with the best opportunities to wholly develop their potential, while protecting the infants and themselves from a whole range of diseases in the near future and in the years to come.

Even though these benefits are widely known and there is ample scientific evidence on the topic, it seems from published data that Spanish women are not breast-feeding their babies as much and for as long as they should. Less than 90% start breast-feeding, at 1 month there is already an attrition of 30%, at 3 months more than half of the infants are taking artificial milk and by 6 months only 10% continue to breast-feed their infants.

Low birth weight, Caesarean section and low study level are among the more significant factors that negatively affect breast-feeding.

There is still work to do to improve this situation. Promotion of breast-feeding among the general population, mothers and health professionals is needed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © CABI Publishing 2001

Footnotes

The authors are members of the Spanish Committee on Human Lactation, Spanish Paediatric Association.

References

1 Howie, PW, Forsyth, JS, Ogstin, SA, Clark, A, Florey, CD. Protective effect of breastfeeding against infection. BMJ 1990; 300:11–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2 Paricio, JM. Lactancia materna y morbilidad infecciosa en el primer año de vida. In: I Congreso Español de Lactancia Materna. Valencia: Martin Calama edit, 1999;61–4.Google Scholar
3 Saarinen, UM, Kajossari, M. Breastfeeding as prophylaxis against atopic disease: prospective follow up study until 17 years old. Lancet 1995; 346:1065–9.10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91742-XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
4 Ballabriga, A, Carrascosa, A. Lactancia materna. In: Ballabriga, A, Carrascosa, A, eds. Nutrición en la Infancia y Adolescencia. Madrid: Ergon edition, 1998;3378.Google Scholar
5 Norris, JM, Beauty, B, Klingensmith, B, Yu, Liping, Hoffman, M, Chase, HP, Erlich, HA, Hamman, RF. Lack of association between early exposure to cow's milk protein and B-cell autoimmunity. JAMA 1996; 276:609–14.10.1001/jama.1996.03540080031025CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6 American Academy of Pediatrics. Work group on cow's milk protein and diabetes mellitus. Infant feeding practices and their possible relationship to the etiology of diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics 1994; 94:752–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7 Davis, MK. Review of evidence for an association between infant feeding and childhood cancer. Int. J. Cancer Suppl. 1998; 11:2933.3.0.CO;2-A>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8 Koletzko, S, Sherman, P, Corey, M, Griffiths, A, Smith, C. Role of infant feeding practices in development of Crohn's disease in childhood. BMJ 1999; 298:1617–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9 Gilat, T, Hacohen, D, Lilos, P, Langman, MJS. Childhood factors in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. An international cooperative study. Scand. Gastroenterol. 1987; 22:1009–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10 Goldman, AS. The immune system of human milk: antimicrobial, antiinflamatory and immunomodilating properties. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 1993; 12:664–71.10.1097/00006454-199308000-00008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11 Chua, S, Arulkumaran, S, Lim, I, Salamat, N, Ratman, S. Influence of breastfeeding and nipple stimulation on postpartum uterine activity. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 1994; 101:804–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12 Melton, LJ, Bryant, SC, Wahner, HW, O'Fallon, WM, Malkasian, GD, Judd, HL, Riggs, BL. Influence of breastfeeding and other reproductive factors on bone mass later in life. Osteopor. Int. 1993; 3:7683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13 Cumming, RG, Klineberg, RJ. Breastfeeding and other reproductive factors and the risk of hip fractures in elderly woman. Int. J. Epidemiol. 1993; 22:684–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14 Haring, MH, Rookus, MA, Van Leeuwen, FE. Does breastfeeding protect against breast cancer? An epidemiological study. Ned. Tidjschr. Geneeskd. 1992; 136:734–7.Google ScholarPubMed
15 United Kingdom National Case–Control Study Group. Breastfeeding and risk of breast cancer in young women. BMJ 1993; 307:1720.Google Scholar
16 Newcomb, PA, Storer, BE, Longnecker, MP, Mittendorf, R, Greenberg, ER, Clapp, RW, Burke, KP. Lactation and a reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 1994; 330:81–7.10.1056/NEJM199401133300201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17 Thomas, DB, Noonan, EA. Breast cancer and prolonged lactation. The WHO collaborative study of neoplasia and steroid contraceptives. Int. J. Epidemiol. 1993; 22:619–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18 Michels, B, Willett, WC, Rosner, BA, Manson, JE, Hunter, DJ, Colditz, GA, Hankinson, SE. Prospective assessment of breastfeeding and breast cancer incidence among 89, 887 women. Lancet 1996; 347:431–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19 Rosenblatt, KA, Thomas, DB. WHO collaborative study of neoplasia and steroid contraceptives. Int. J. Epidemiol. 1993; 22:192–7.10.1093/ije/22.2.192CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20 Cohen, R, Mrtek, MD, Mrtek, RG. Comparison of maternal absenteeism and illness rates among breast-feeding and formula-feeding women in two corporations. Am. J. Health Promotion 1995; 10:148–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21 Walker, M. Why aren't more mothers breastfeeding? The benefits are clear. So how do we convince mothers? Childbirth Instructor 1992;1924.Google Scholar
22 Hendricks, RG. Socio-economic and psychological factors in breastfeeding motivation. Bull. Int. Ped. Assoc. 1976; 6:3744.Google Scholar
23 Lawrence, R. Breastfeeding. A Guide for the Medical Profession. Barcelona: Mosby edit, 1994.Google Scholar
24 World Health Organization's infant-feeding recommendation. Weekly Epidemiol. Record 1995; 7:119–20.Google Scholar
25 Martin Calama, J, Lozano, MJ, Muñoz A. Comité de lactancia de la AEP: informe técnico de lalactancia materna en España. An. Esp. Pediatr. 1999; 50:333–40.Google Scholar
26 Martín Calama, J, Lozano de la Torre, MJ. Lactancia materna. Pediatrika 1999; 1(Suppl.):1422.Google Scholar
27 Dirección General de Salud Pública. Encuesta Nacional de Salud. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 1999.Google Scholar
28 Joint WHO/UNICEF Statement. Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Breast-feeding. The Special Role of Maternity Services. Geneva: WHO, 1989.Google Scholar
29 Pechevis, M. Training health professionals: general. In: Jelliffe, DB, Jelliffe, EFP, eds. Programmes to Promote Breastfeeding, 1st ed. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
30 Jelliffe, DB, Jelliffe, EFP. Programmes to Promote Breastfeeding, 1st ed. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
31 Cole, JP. Breastfeeding in the Boston suburbs in relation to personal–social factors (are paediatricians thoughtlessly influencing the outcome in their postpartum care?). Clin. Pediatr. 1977; 16:352–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32 Jelliffe, EFP. Breastfeeding modules for integration into the curriculum of health professionals. In: Jelliffe, DB, Jelliffe, EFP, eds. Programmes to Promote Breastfeeding, 1st ed. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1988;308–13.Google Scholar
33 Sadeh, RJ. Breast Feeding: The Technical Basis and Recommendations for Action. Geneva: WHO, 1993;6374.Google Scholar
34 DeChateau, P, Wiberg, B. Long term effect on mother–infant behavior of extra contact during the first hour postpartum. Acta Paediatr. 1977; 66:145–51.Google Scholar
35 Taylor, PM, Maloni, JA, Brown, DR. Early suckling and prolonged breast-feeding. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1986; 140:151–4.Google ScholarPubMed
36 Pérez Escamilla, R. Infant feeding policies in maternity wards and their effect on breast-feeding success: an analytical overview. Am. J. Public Health 1994; 84:8997.10.2105/AJPH.84.1.89CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37 Woolridge, MW. Problems of establishing lactation. Food Nutr. Bull. 1996; 17:316–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar