Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T19:42:31.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Stereotypy, schizophrenia and dopamine D2 receptor binding in the basal ganglia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

B. M. Pedro ,
L. S. Pilowsky ,
D. C. Costa ,
D. R. Hemsley ,
P. J. Ell ,
N. P. L. G. Verhoeff ,
R. W. Kerwin  and
N. S. Gray
B. M. Pedro*
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychology and Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, and Institute of Nuclear Medicine and UCSM, Middlesex Hospital, London; Cygne b.v. and Amsterdam Medical Centre, The Netherlands
L. S. Pilowsky
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychology and Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, and Institute of Nuclear Medicine and UCSM, Middlesex Hospital, London; Cygne b.v. and Amsterdam Medical Centre, The Netherlands
D. C. Costa
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychology and Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, and Institute of Nuclear Medicine and UCSM, Middlesex Hospital, London; Cygne b.v. and Amsterdam Medical Centre, The Netherlands
D. R. Hemsley
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychology and Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, and Institute of Nuclear Medicine and UCSM, Middlesex Hospital, London; Cygne b.v. and Amsterdam Medical Centre, The Netherlands
P. J. Ell
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychology and Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, and Institute of Nuclear Medicine and UCSM, Middlesex Hospital, London; Cygne b.v. and Amsterdam Medical Centre, The Netherlands
N. P. L. G. Verhoeff
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychology and Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, and Institute of Nuclear Medicine and UCSM, Middlesex Hospital, London; Cygne b.v. and Amsterdam Medical Centre, The Netherlands
R. W. Kerwin
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychology and Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, and Institute of Nuclear Medicine and UCSM, Middlesex Hospital, London; Cygne b.v. and Amsterdam Medical Centre, The Netherlands
N. S. Gray
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychology and Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, and Institute of Nuclear Medicine and UCSM, Middlesex Hospital, London; Cygne b.v. and Amsterdam Medical Centre, The Netherlands
*
1 Address for correspondence: Dr B. M. Pedro, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

Animal models suggest a relationship between disturbed striatal dopaminergic function and stereotyped behaviour. Several studies show increased stereotypy in schizophrenic patients compared to normal controls. We investigated the performance of 12 antipsychotic-drug-free schizophrenic patients, and 15 healthy control subjects on a neuropsychological measure of stereotypy – the two-choice guessing task – and correlated this with in vivo striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding, as measured by 123I-iodobenzamide single photon emission tomography. Patients and controls did not differ with respect to the measures of stereotypy derived from the task. However, there was a significant correlation between one of these measures (RR Information) and the degree of striatal D2 receptor binding asymmetry in the patient group only. In view of research connecting striatal and frontal lesions with stereotypy in animals and cognitive inflexibility in humans, these data could suggest a similar disturbance underlying the phenomenon in schizophrenia.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 24 , Issue 2 , May 1994 , pp. 423 - 429
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, F. R. (1967). Stereotypy, social responsiveness, and arousal in a case of catatonia. British Journal of Psychiatry 113, 1123–1128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn, revised) (DSM-III-R). APA: Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Annett, M. (1970). A classification of hand preference by association analysis. British Journal of Psychology 61, 303–321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Asher, I. M. & Aghajanian, G. K. (1974). 6-Hydroxydopamine lesions of olfactory tubercles and caudate nuclei: effect on amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour in rats. Brain Research 82, 1–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Attneve, F. (1959). Applications of Information Theory to Psychology. Holt-Dryden: New York.Google Scholar
Bleuler, E. (1950). Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. English transl. International University Press: New York.Google Scholar
Carlsson, A. (1988). The current status of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 1, 179–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Connell, P. H. (1958). Amphetamine Psychosis. Maudsley Monographs. No. 5, Oxford University Press: Oxford.Google Scholar
Creese, I. & Iversen, S. D. (1974). The role of forebrain dopamine systems in amphetamine induced stereotyped behaviour in the rat. Psychopharmacologia (Berlin) 25, 345–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Divac, I. (1972). Drug-induced syndromes in rats with large, chronic lesions in the corpus striatum, radiochemical assay of dopamine. Psychopharmacologia (Berlin) 27, 171–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Early, T., Posner, M. & Reiman, E. M. (1989). Hyperactivity of the left striatopalidal projection. Part 1: Lower level theory. Psychiatric Developments 2, 85–108.Google Scholar
Eslinger, P. J. & Grattan, L. M. (1993). Frontal lobe and frontal-striatal substrates for different forms of human cognitive flexibility. Neuropsychologia 31, 17–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evenden, J. L. & Robbins, T. W. (1983). Increased response switching, perseveration and perseverative switching following d-amphetamine in the rat. Psychopharmacology 80, 67–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farde, L., Wiesel, F-A., Stone-Elander, S., Halldin, C., Nordström, A.-L., Hall, H. & Sedval, G. (1990). D2 dopamine receptors in neuroleptic naive schizophrenic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry 47, 213–219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feighner, J. P., Robins, E., Woodruff, A., Winokur, G. & Munoz, R. (1972). Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry 26, 57–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fog, R. (1972). On stereotypy and catalepsy: studies on the effect of amphetamine and neuroleptics in rats. Acta Neurologica Scandanavica suppl. 50, 48, 1–64.Google Scholar
Fog, R. L., Randrup, A. & Pakkenberg, H. (1968). Neuroleptic action of quaternary chlorpromazine and related drugs injected into various brain areas in rats. Psychopharmacologia 12, 428–432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frith, C. D. & Done, J. (1983). Stereotyped responding by schizophrenic patients on a two-choice guessing task. Psychological Medicine 13, 779–786.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frith, U. (1970). Studies in pattern detection in normal and autistic children. II. Reproduction and production of colour sequences. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 10, 120–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frith, U. (1972). Cognitive mechanisms in autism: experiments with colour and tone sequence production. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia 2, 160–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldman, P. S. & Nauta, W. J. H. (1977). An intricately patterned prefronto-caudate projection in the rhesus monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 171, 369–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J. A., Feldon, J., Rawlins, J. N. P., Hemsley, D. R. & Smith, A. D. (1991). The neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14, 1–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guy, W. (1976). ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology, pp. 534–537. Department of Health, Education and Welfare: Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Iversen, S. D. (1984). Behavioural aspects of the cortico-subcortical interaction with special reference to frontostriatal relations. In ortical Integration (ed. Reinoso-Swarez, F. and Ajmone-Marsan, C., pp. 237–284. Raven Press: New York.Google Scholar
Johnson, T. N., Rosvold, H. E. & Mishkin, M. (1968). Projections from behaviourally-defined sectors of the prefrontal cortex to the basal ganglia, septum and diencephalon of the monkey. Experimental Neurology 21, 20–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, I. H. (1965). Observation of schizophrenic stereotypies. Comprehensive Psychiatry 6, 323–335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kane, J., Honigfeld, G., Singer, J., Meltzer, H. and the clozaril collaborative study group (1988). Clozapine for the treatment resistant schizophrenic. Archives of General Psychiatry 45, 66–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelley, A. E., Lang, C. G. & Gauthier, A. M. (1988). Induction of oral stereotypy following amphetamine microinjection into a discrete subregion of the striatum. Psychopharmacology 95, 556–559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraepelin, E. (1919). Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia (transl. Barclay, R. M.). R. E. Kreiger: New York. (Reprinted 1971.)Google Scholar
Lyon, N., Mejsholm, B. & Lyon, M. (1986). Stereotyped responding by schizophrenic outpatients: cross-cultural confirmation of perseverative switching on a two-choice guessing task. Journal of Psychiatric Research 20, 137–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martinot, J. L., Peron-Magnan, P., Huret, J-D., Mazoyer, B., Baron, J.-C., Boulenger, J.-P., Loc'h, C., Maziere, B., Callard, V., Loo, H. & Syrota, A. (1990). Striatal D2 dopaminergic receptors assessed with positron emission tomography and Bromospiperone in untreated schizophrenic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 147, 44–50.Google ScholarPubMed
Overall, J. E. & Gorham, D. R. (1962). The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychological Reports 10, 799–812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pilowsky, L. S., Costa, D. C., Ell, P. J., Murray, R. M., Verhoeff, N. P. L. G. & Kerwin, R. W. (1992). Clozapine, single photon emission tomography, and the D2 dopamine receptor blockade hypothesis of schizophrenia. Lancet 340, 199–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pilowsky, L. S., Costa, D. C., Ell, P. J., Verhoeff, N. P. L. G., Murray, R. M. & Kerwin, R. W. (1994). D2 dopamine receptor binding in the basal ganglia of antipsychotic-free schizophrenic patients – a 123 I IBZM single photon emission tomography (SPET) study. British Journal of Psychiatry 164, 16–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pycock, C. J. (1980). Turning behaviour in animals. Neuroscience 5, 461–514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pycock, C. J., Kerwin, R. W. & Carter, C. J. (1980). Effect of lesions of cortical dopamine terminals on subcortical dopamine receptors in rats. Nature 286, 74–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Randrup, A. & Munkvad, I. (1967). Stereotyped activities produced by amphetamine in several animal species and man. Psycho-pharmacologia (Berlin) 11, 300–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Randrup, A. & Munkvad, I. (1974). Pharmacology and physiology of stereotyped behaviour. Journal of Psychiatric Research 11, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ridley, R. M., Baker, H. F., Frith, C. D., Dowdy, J. & Crow, T. J. (1988). Stereotyped responding on a two-choice guessing task by marmosets and humans treated with amphetamine. Psychopharmacology 19, 560–564.Google Scholar
Staton, D. A. & Solomon, P. R. (1984). Microinjections of d-amphetamine into the nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen differentially affect stereotypy and locomotion in the rat. Physiological Psychology 12, 159–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinberger, D. R. (1987). Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 44, 660–669.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wong, D. F. (1986). Positron emission tomography reveals elevated D2 dopamine receptors in drug-naive schizophrenics. Science 234, 1558–1563.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wing, J. K., Cooper, J. E. & Sartorius, N. (1974). The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.Google Scholar
Yeterian, E. H. & Van Hoesen, G. W. (1977). Cortico-striate projections in the rhesus monkey: the organization of certain cortico-caudate connections. Brain Research 139, 43–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar