Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-b95js Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-11T21:02:08.185Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The scientific status of electro-convulsive therapy1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

T. J. Crow
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Editorial
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 9 , Issue 3 , August 1979 , pp. 401 - 408
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1979

References

Avery, D. & Winokur, G. (1976). Mortality in depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy and anti-depressants. Archives of General Psychiatry 33, 1029–1037.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avery, D. & Winokur, G. (1978). Suicide, attempted suicide, and relapse rates in depression: occurrence after ECT and antidepressant therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry 35, 749–753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bidder, T. G., Strain, L. J. & Brunschwig, L. (1970). Bilateral and unilateral ECT. Follow-up study and critique. American Journal of Psychiatry 127, 737–745.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brill, N. Q., Crumpton, E., Eiduson, S., Grayson, H. M., Hellman, L. I. & Richards, P. A. (1959). Relative effectiveness of various components of electroconvulsive therapy. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 81, 627–635.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costain, D. W., Grahame-Smith, D. G. & Green, A. R. (1978). Relevance of the enhanced 5-hydroxytryptamine behavioural responses in rats to electroconvulsive therapy. British Journal of Pharmacology 62, 394P.Google Scholar
Costello, C. G. (1976). Electroconvulsive therapy: is further investigation necessary? Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal 21, 61–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cronholm, B. & Ottosson, J. -O. (1960). Experimental studies of the therapeutic action of electroconvulsive therapy in endogenous depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Suppl. 145, 35, 69–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cronholm, B. & Ottosson, J. -O. (1963). The experience of memory function after electroconvulsive therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry 109, 251–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cronin, D., Bodley, P., Potts, L., Mather, M. D., Gardner, R. K. & Tobin, J. C. (1970). Unilateral and bilateral ECT: a study of memory disturbance and relief from depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 33, 705–713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cross, A. J., Deakin, J. F. W., Lofthouse, R., Longden, A., Owen, F. & Poulter, M. (1979). On the mechanism of action of electro-convulsive therapy: some behavioural and biochemical consequences of repeated electrically induced seizures in rats. British Journal of Pharmacology (in the press).Google Scholar
Evans, J., Grahame-Smith, D. G., Green, A. R. & Tordoff, A. F. C. (1976). Electroconvulsive shock increases the behavioural responses of rats to brain 5-hydroxytryptamine accumulation and central nervous system stimulant drugs. British Journal of Pharmacology 56, 193–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fahy, P., Imlah, N. & Harrington, J. (1963). A controlled comparison of electroconvulsive therapy, imipramine and thiopentone sleep in depression. Journal of Neuropsychiatry 4, 310–314.Google ScholarPubMed
Freeman, C. P. (1978). How does ECT work? Lancet ii, 893–894.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, C. P., Basson, J. V. & Crighton, A. (1978). Double-blind controlled trial of electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) and simulated ECT in depressive illness. Lancet i, 738–740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, A. R. (1978). Repeated exposure of rats to the convulsant agent flurothyl enhances 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine mediated behavioural responses. British Journal of Pharmacology 62, 325–331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenblatt, M., Grosser, G. H. & Wechsler, H. (1962). A comparative study of selected antidepressant medications and ECT. American Journal of Psychiatry 119, 144–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenblatt, M., Grosser, G. H. & Wechsler, H. (1964). Differential response of hospitalized depressed patients to somatic therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry 120, 935–943.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halliday, A. M., Davison, K., Brown, M. W. & Kreeger, L. C. (1968). A comparison of the effects on depression and memory of bilateral ECT and unilateral ECT to the dominant and non-dominant hemispheres. British Journal of Psychiatry 114, 997–1012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 23, 56–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herrington, R. N., Bruce, A., Johnstone, E. C. & Lader, M. H. (1974). Comparative trial of L-tryptophan and ECT in severe depressive illness. Lancet ii, 731–734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendell, R. E. (1978). Electroconvulsive therapy. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 71, 319–321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lambourn, J. & Gill, D. (1978). A controlled comparison of simulated and real ECT. British Journal of Psychiatry 133, 514–519.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laurell, B. (1970). Comparison of electric and flurothyl convulsive therapy. II. Antidepressive effect. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Suppl. 145, 22–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowinger, P. & Dobie, S. (1969). What makes the placebo work? A study of placebo response rates. Archives of General Psychiatry 20, 84–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, I. M., Perkins, M., Marjerrison, G. & Podilsky, M. (1966). A controlled comparison of amitriptyline and electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 112, 1427–1431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medical Research Council (1965). Report by Clinical Psychiatry Committee. Clinical trial of the treatment of depressive illness. British Medical Journal i, 881–886.Google Scholar
Miller, D. H., Clancy, J. & Cumming, E. (1953). A comparison between unidirectional current nonconvulsive electrical stimulation given with Reiter's machine, standard alternating current electroshock (Cerletti method), and pentothal in chronic schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 109, 617–621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Modigh, K. (1975). Electroconvulsive shock and post-synaptic catecholamine effects: increased psychomotor stimulant action of apomorphine and clonidine in reserpine pretreated mice by repeated ECT. Journal of Neural Transactions 36, 19–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modigh, K. (1976). Long-term effects of electroconvulsive shock therapy on synthesis, turnover and uptake of brain monoamines. Psychopharmacology 49, 179–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robin, A. A. & Harris, J. A. (1962). A controlled comparison of imipramine and electroplexy. Journal of Mental Science 106, 217–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Squire, L. R. (1975). A stable impairment in remote memory following electroconvulsive therapy. Neuropsychologia 13, 51–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Squire, L. R. & Chace, P. M. (1975). Memory functions six to nine months after electroconvulsive therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry 32, 1557–1564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Squire, L. R. &, Miller, P. L. (1974). Diminution of anterograde amnesia following electroconvulsive therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry 125, 490–495.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sternberg, D. E. & Jarvik, M. E. (1976). Memory functions in depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 33, 219–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teuber, H. L., Corkin, S. & Twitchwell, T. E. (1976). A study of cingulotomy in man. A report to the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioural Research.Google Scholar
Ulett, G. A., Smith, K. & Gleser, G. C. (1956). Evaluation of convulsive and subconvulsive shock therapies utilizing a control group. American Journal of Psychiatry 112, 795–802.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wechsler, H., Grosser, G. H. & Greenblatt, M. (1965). Research evaluating antidepressant medications on hospitalized mental patients: a survey of published reports during a five-year period. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 141, 231–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, L. C., Vernon, J. T., Guin, T. & Sandifer, M. G. (1963). A controlled study of treatments of depression. Journal of Neuropsychiatry 4, 331–337.Google Scholar
Wittenborn, J. R., Plante, M., Burgess, F. & Maurer, H. (1962). A comparison of imipramine, electroconvulsive therapy and placebo in the treatment of depressions. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 135, 131–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar