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Response inhibition in alcohol-dependent patients and patients with depression/anxiety: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2013

Z. Sjoerds ,
W. van den Brink ,
A. T. F. Beekman ,
B. W. J. H. Penninx  and
D. J. Veltman
Z. Sjoerds*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
W. van den Brink
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
A. T. F. Beekman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
B. W. J. H. Penninx
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center of Groningen, The Netherlands
D. J. Veltman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
*
*Address for correspondence: Z. Sjoerds, M.Sc., VU University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Van der Boechorststraat 7, MF-A422, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

The inability to inhibit certain behaviors is a key feature of impulsivity, which is often present in people with a substance use disorder. However, the findings on impulsivity in people with alcohol dependence (AD) are inconsistent, possibly because of the frequent co-occurrence of depression/anxiety (D/A) and its influence on impulsivity. In the current study, we aimed to distinguish response inhibition impairments in AD from possible response inhibition effects associated with D/A.

Method

AD patients (n = 31) with high D/A co-morbidity were compared to patients with D/A only (n = 18) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 16) using the Stop Signal Task (SST) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Correlation analyses were performed between activated brain areas, behavioral data and addiction and D/A characteristics.

Results

The three groups did not differ on response inhibition performance. However, AD severity, but not D/A severity, was positively associated with decreased response inhibition. During the SST, AD patients showed hyperactivity in the putamen and thalamus compared with D/A patients and HCs. Thalamus activation was negatively associated with AD duration. In addition, AD patients showed hypoactivity in the supplementary motor area (SMA) compared with HCs. SMA activity within HCs was negatively correlated with depressive symptom severity.

Discussion

In general, AD patients were not more impulsive than D/A patients or HCs but they did reveal inhibition impairments with increasing AD severity. A shift from cortical to subcortical engagement in AD patients during response inhibition may represent an alternative strategy, which decreased with longer drinking history, suggesting the presence of an AD-specific endophenotype.

Keywords

Alcohol dependenceanxiety disorderdepressive disorderfMRIinhibition
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 44 , Issue 8 , June 2014 , pp. 1713 - 1725
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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