Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T14:49:34.851Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Relationship between family attitudes measured by the Semantic Differential and relapse in schizophrenia: a 2 year follow-up prospective study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Manuel Girón*
Affiliation:
Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Universities of Alicante and Valencia, Spain
Manuel Gomez-Beneyto
Affiliation:
Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Universities of Alicante and Valencia, Spain
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr Manuel Girón, Departamento de Medicina y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Alicante (Campus de San Juan), Ap. Correos 374, E-03080 Alicante (Spain).

Synopsis

A prospective study was carried out to investigate the relationship between family attitudes and relapse in a cohort of 80 schizophrenic patients followed up for 2 years. A significant relationship was found between attitudes as measured by means of a semantic differential during hospitalization and later relapse. Lack of treatment compliance, negative symptoms, unemployment and poor pre-morbid adjustment were also associated with relapse. In a multivariate analysis some of these variables changed their predictive power but the association between attitudes and relapse was maintained.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alvarez, E., Garcia-Ribera, C., Torrens, M., Udina, C., Guillamat, R. & Casas, M. (1987). Premorbid adjustment scale as a prognostic predictor for schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 150, 411.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1980). Committee on nomenclature and statistics. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edn.American Psychiatric Association: Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Andreasen, N. C. (1982). Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Definition and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry 39, 784788.Google Scholar
Andreasen, N. C. (1983). The scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS). University of Iowa: Iowa.Google Scholar
Ball, R. A., Moore, E. & Kuipers, L. (1992). Expressed emotion in community care staff: a comparison of patient outcome in a nine month follow-up of two hostels. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 27, 3539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrelet, L., Ferrero, F., Szigethy, L., Giddey, C. & Pellizzer, G. (1990). Expressed emotion and first-admission schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 156, 357362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G. W. & Rutter, M. L. (1966). The measurement of family activities and relationships. Human Relations 19, 241263.Google Scholar
Cannon-Spoor, E., Potkin, S. G. & Wyatt, R. J. (1982). Measurement of premorbid adjustment in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 8, 470484.Google Scholar
Endicott, J., Spitzer, R. L., Fleiss, J. L. & Cohen, J. (1976). The global assessment scale: a procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Archives of General Psychiatry 33, 766771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falloon, I. R. H., Boyd, J. L., McGill, C. W., Williamson, M. S. W., Razani, J., Moss, H. B., Gilderman, A. M. & Simpson, G. M. (1985). Family management in the prevention of morbidity of schizophrenia. Clinical outcome of a two year longitudinal study. Archives of General Psychiatry 42, 887896.Google Scholar
Gottschalk, L. A., Falloon, I. R. H., Marder, S. R., Lebell, M. B., Gift, T. E. & Wynne, L. C. (1988). The prediction of relapse of schizophrenic patients using emotional data obtained from their relatives. Psychiatry Research 25, 261276.Google Scholar
Kavanagh, D. J. (1992). Recent developments in expressed emotion and schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 160, 601620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krawiecka, M., Goldberg, D. & Vaughan, M. (1977). A standardized psychiatric assessment scale for rating chronic psychotic patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 55, 299308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kreisman, D. E., Simmens, S. J. & Joy, V. D. (1979). Rejecting the patient: preliminary validation of a self-report scale. Schizophrenia Bulletin 5, 220222.Google Scholar
Magaña, A. B., Goldstein, M. J., Karno, M., Miklowitz, D. J., Jenkins, J. & Falloon, I. R. H. (1986). A brief method for assessing expressed emotion in relatives of psychiatric patients. Psychiatry Research 17, 203212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Montero, I., Gomez-Beneyto, M., Ruiz, I., Puche, E. & Adam, A. (1992). The influence of family expressed emotion on the course of schizophrenia in a sample of Spanish patients. A two-year follow-up study. British Journal of Psychiatry 161, 217222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muñoz, P. E., Rodriguez-Borrego, M. J. & Ramos-Brieva, J. (1984). La asistencia psiquiatrica en regimen de hospitalización en Madrid: un estudio de prevalencia dia. Instituto Regional de Estudios: Madrid.Google Scholar
Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J. & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957). The Measurement of Meaning. University of Illinois Press: Urbana.Google Scholar
Parker, G., Tupling, H. & Brown, L. B. (1979). A parental bonding instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology 52, 110.Google Scholar
Parker, G., Fairley, M., Greenwood, J., Jurd, S. & Silove, D. (1982). Parental representations of schizophrenics and their association with onset and course of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 141, 573581.Google Scholar
Perez-Fuster, A., Ballester-Gracia, M., Giron-Gimenez, M. & Gomez-Beneyto, M. (1989). Fiabilidad, validez y sensibilidad al cambio de la escala de evaluatión psiquiatrica de Krawiecka. Actas Luso-Espanolas de Neurología y Psiquiatría 17, 111118.Google Scholar
Rutter, M. L. & Brown, G. W. (1966). The reliability and validity of measures of family life and relationships in families containing a psychiatric patient. Social Psychiatry 1, 3853.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strauss, J. S. & Carpenter, W. T. (1972). The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. I. Characteristics of outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry 27, 739746.Google Scholar
Summers, G. F. (1970). Attitude Measurement. Rand McNally&Co: Chicago.Google Scholar
Vaughan, K., Doyle, M., McConaghy, N., Blaszcynski, A., Fox, A. & Tarrier, N. (1992). The relationship between relative's expressed emotion and schizophrenic relapse: an australian replication. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 27, 1015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaughn, C. E. & Leff, J. (1976). The measurement of expressed emotion in families in psychiatric patients. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 15, 157165.Google Scholar
Vaughn, C. E., Snyder, K. S., Jones, S., Freeman, W. B. & Falloon, I. R. H. (1984). Family factors in schizophrenic relapse. Replication in California of British research on expressed emotion. Archives of General Psychiatry 41, 11691177.Google Scholar