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Predictors of outcome for telephone and face-to-face administered cognitive behavioral therapy for depression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2015

C. Stiles-Shields ,
M. E. Corden ,
M. J. Kwasny ,
S. M. Schueller  and
D. C. Mohr
C. Stiles-Shields
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
M. E. Corden
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
M. J. Kwasny
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
S. M. Schueller
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
D. C. Mohr*
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
*
* Address for correspondence: D. C. Mohr, Ph.D., Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be delivered efficaciously through various modalities, including telephone (T-CBT) and face-to-face (FtF-CBT). The purpose of this study was to explore predictors of outcome in T-CBT and FtF-CBT for depression.

Method

A total of 325 depressed participants were randomized to receive eighteen 45-min sessions of T-CBT or FtF-CBT. Depression severity was measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Classification and regression tree (CART) analyses were conducted with baseline participant demographics and psychological characteristics predicting depression outcomes, HAMD and PHQ-9, at end of treatment (week 18).

Results

The demographic and psychological characteristics accurately identified 85.3% and 85.0% of treatment responders and 85.7% and 85.0% of treatment non-responders on the HAMD and PHQ-9, respectively. The Coping self-efficacy (CSE) scale predicted outcome on both the HAMD and PHQ-9; those with moderate to high CSE were likely to respond with no other variable influencing that prediction. Among those with low CSE, depression severity influenced response. Social support, physical functioning, and employment emerged as predictors only for the HAMD, and sex predicted response on the PHQ-9. Treatment delivery method (i.e. telephone or face-to-face) did not impact the prediction of outcome.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that the predictors of improved depression are similar across treatment modalities. Most importantly, a moderate to high level of CSE significantly increases the chance of responding in both T-CBT and FtF-CBT. Among patients with low CSE, those with lower depressive symptom severity are more likely to do well in treatment.

Keywords

CARTCBTdepressionoutcomepredictorstelephone therapy
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 45 , Issue 15 , November 2015 , pp. 3205 - 3215
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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