Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T03:54:56.414Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Patterns of diagnostic transition in eating disorders: a longitudinal population study in Sweden

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 June 2018

Katherine Schaumberg ,
Andreas Jangmo ,
Laura M. Thornton ,
Andreas Birgegård ,
Catarina Almqvist ,
Claes Norring ,
Henrik Larsson  and
Cynthia M. Bulik Open the ORCID record for Cynthia M. Bulik [Opens in a new window]
Katherine Schaumberg
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Andreas Jangmo
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Laura M. Thornton
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Andreas Birgegård
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
Catarina Almqvist
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Claes Norring
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm Centre for Eating Disorders, Stockholm, Sweden
Henrik Larsson
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Cynthia M. Bulik*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Cynthia M. Bulik, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

Transition across eating disorder diagnoses is common, reflecting instability of specific eating disorder presentations. Previous studies have examined temporal stability of diagnoses in adult treatment-seeking samples but have not uniformly captured initial presentation for treatment. The current study examines transitions across eating disorder diagnostic categories in a large, treatment-seeking sample of individuals born in Sweden and compares these transitions across two birth cohorts and from initial diagnosis.

Methods

Data from Swedish eating disorders quality registers were extracted in 2013, including 9622 individuals who were seen at least twice from 1999 to 2013. Patterns of remission were examined in the entire sample and subsequently compared across initial diagnoses. An older (born prior to 1990) and younger birth cohort were also identified, and analyses compared these cohorts on patterns of diagnostic transition.

Results

Although diagnostic instability was common, transition between threshold eating disorder diagnoses was infrequent. For all diagnoses, transition to remission was likely to occur following a diagnosis state that matched initial diagnosis, or through a subthreshold diagnostic state. Individuals in the younger cohort were more likely to transition to a state of remission than those in the older cohort.

Conclusions

Results indicate more temporal continuity in eating disorder presentations than suggested by previous research and highlight the importance of early detection and intervention in achieving remission.

Keywords

Anorexia nervosabinge-eating disorderbulimia nervosaclassificationcrossoverdiagnosiseating disorders
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 49 , Issue 5 , April 2019 , pp. 819 - 827
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

These authors contributed equally to this work.

References

Ackard, DM, Fulkerson, JA and Neumark-Sztainer, D (2011) Stability of eating disorder diagnostic classifications in adolescents: five-year longitudinal findings from a population-based study. Eating Disorders 19, 308–322.Google Scholar
Agras, WS, Crow, S, Mitchell, JE, Halmi, KA and Bryson, S (2009) A 4-year prospective study of eating disorder NOS compared with full eating disorder syndromes. International Journal of Eating Disorders 42, 565–570.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edn. Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edn. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Press.Google Scholar
Birgegård, A, Björck, C and Clinton, D (2010) Quality assurance of specialised treatment of eating disorders using large-scale Internet-based collection systems: methods, results and lessons learned from designing the Stepwise database. European Eating Disorders Review 18, 251–259.Google Scholar
Bulik, CM, Sullivan, PF, Fear, J and Pickering, A (1997) Predictors of the development of bulimia nervosa in women with anorexia nervosa. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 185, 704–707.Google Scholar
Castellini, G, Lo Sauro, C, Mannucci, E, Ravaldi, C, Rotella, CM, Faravelli, C and Ricca, V (2011) Diagnostic crossover and outcome predictors in eating disorders according to DSM-IV and DSM-V proposed criteria: a 6-year follow-up study. Psychosomatic Medicine 73, 270–279.Google Scholar
D'Onofrio, BM, Class, QA, Rickert, ME, Larsson, H, Langstrom, N and Lichtenstein, P (2013) Preterm birth and mortality and morbidity: a population-based quasi-experimental study. JAMA Psychiatry 70, 1231–1240.Google Scholar
de Man Lapidoth, J and Birgegård, A (2010) A Validation of the Structured Eating Disorder Interview (SEDI) against the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). Stockholm: Karolinska Institutet.Google Scholar
Eddy, KT, Dorer, DJ, Franko, DL, Tahilani, K, Thompson-Brenner, H, Herzog, DB (2007) Should bulimia nervosa be subtyped by history of anorexia nervosa? A longitudinal validation. International Journal of Eating Disorders 40, 567–571.Google Scholar
Eddy, KT, Dorer, DJ, Franko, DL, Tahilani, K, Thompson-Brenner, H and Herzog, DB (2008) Diagnostic crossover in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: implications for DSM-V. American Journal of Psychiatry 165, 245–250.Google Scholar
Eddy, KT, Swanson, SA, Crosby, RD, Franko, DL, Engel, S and Herzog, DB (2010) How should DSM-V classify eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) presentations in women with lifetime anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Psychological Medicine 40, 1735–1744.Google Scholar
Ekbom, A (2011) The Swedish Multi-generation Register. Methods in Molecular Biology 675, 215–220.Google Scholar
Ekeroth, K, Clinton, D, Norring, C and Birgegård, A (2013) Clinical characteristics and distinctiveness of DSM-5 eating disorder diagnoses: findings from a large naturalistic clinical database. Journal of Eating Disorders 1, 31.Google Scholar
Fairburn, C, Stice, E, Cooper, Z, Doll, H, Norman, P and O'Conner, M (2003) Understanding persistence in bulimia nervosa: a 5-year naturalistic study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 71, 103–109.Google Scholar
First, MB, Spitzer, R, Gibbon, M and Williams, JB (2002) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version. Patent Edition (SCID-I/P), Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.Google Scholar
Forbush, KT, Siew, CS and Vitevitch, MS (2016) Application of network analysis to identify interactive systems of eating disorder psychopathology. Psychological Medicine 46, 2667–2677.Google Scholar
Herpertz, S, Hagenah, U, Vocks, S, con Wietersheim, J, Cuntz, U and Zeeck, A (2011) The diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 108, 678–685.Google Scholar
McElroy, SL, Guerdjikova, AI, Mori, N and Keck, PE Jr. (2015) Psychopharmacologic treatment of eating disorders: emerging findings. Current Psychiatry Reports 17, 35.Google Scholar
Milos, G, Spindler, A, Schnyder, U and Fairburn, CG (2005) Instability of eating disorder diagnoses: prospective study. The British Journal of Psychiatry 187, 573–578.Google Scholar
Monteleone, P, Di Genio, M, Monteleone, AM, Di Filippo, C and Maj, M (2011) Investigation of factors associated to crossover from anorexia nervosa restricting type (ANR) and anorexia nervosa binge-purging type (ANBP) to bulimia nervosa and comparison of bulimia nervosa patients with or without previous ANR or ANBP. Comprehensive Psychiatry 52, 56–62.Google Scholar
National Board of Health and Welfare (2010) Causes of Death 2008 Stockholm. Sweden: National Board of Health and Welfare.Google Scholar
Runfola, CD, Thornton, LM, Pisetsky, EM, Bulik, CM and Birgegard, A (2014) Self-image and suicide in a Swedish national eating disorders clinical register. Comprehensive Psychiatry 55, 439–449.Google Scholar
Sandeberg, A-M, Birgegård, A, Mohlin, L, Nordlander Ström, C, Norring, C and Siverstrand, M-L. (2009) Regionalt Vårdprogram Ätstörningar. Stockholms Läns Landsting. Available at http://www1.psykiatristod.se/Global/vardprogram_fulltext/RV_Atstorningar_2009_updat2010.pdfGoogle Scholar
Stice, E, Marti, CN and Rohde, P (2013) Prevalence, incidence, impairment, and course of the proposed DSM-5 eating disorder diagnoses in an 8-year prospective community study of young women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 122, 445–457.Google Scholar
Stice, E, Marti, CN, Shaw, H and Jaconis, M (2009) An 8-year longitudinal study of the natural history of threshold, subthreshold, and partial eating disorders from a community sample of adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 118, 587–597.Google Scholar
Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (2007) National Healthcare Quality Registries in Sweden. Stockholm: KLF Grafisk Producation, Edita.Google Scholar
Tozzi, F, Thornton, L, Klump, K, Bulik, C, Fichter, M, Halmi, K, Kaplan, A, Strober, M, Woodside, D, Crow, S, Mitchell, J, Rotondo, A, Mauri, M, Cassano, C, Keel, P, Plotnicov, K, Pollice, C, Lilenfeld, L, Berrettini, W and Kaye, W (2005) Symptom fluctuation in eating disorders: correlates of diagnostic crossover. American Journal of Psychiatry 162, 732–740.Google Scholar
Treasure, J and Russell, G (2011) The case for early intervention in anorexia nervosa: theoretical exploration of maintaining factors. British Journal of Psychiatry 199, 5–7.Google Scholar
Treasure, J, Stein, D and Maguire, S (2015) Has the time come for a staging model to map the course of eating disorders from high risk to severe enduring illness? An examination of the evidence. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 9, 173–184.Google Scholar
Welch, E, Jangmo, A, Thornton, LM, Norring, C, von Hausswolff-Juhlin, Y, Herman, BK, Pawaskar, M, Larsson, H and Bulik, CM (2016) Treatment-seeking patients with binge-eating disorder in the Swedish national registers: clinical course and psychiatric comorbidity. BMC Psychiatry 16, 163.Google Scholar