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Patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder are impaired in associative learning based on external feedback

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2009

M. M. Nielen ,
J. A. den Boer  and
H. G. O. M. Smid
M. M. Nielen
Affiliation:
Institute for Clinical and Experimental Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
J. A. den Boer
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
H. G. O. M. Smid*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
*
*Address for correspondence: H. G. O. M. Smid, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

Patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) have to repeat their actions before feeling satisfied that the action reached its intended goal. Learning theory predicts that this may be due to a failure in the processing of external feedback.

Method

We examined the performance of 29 OCD patients and 28 healthy volunteers on an associative learning task, in which initial learning is based solely on external feedback signals. Feedback valence was manipulated with monetary gains and losses.

Results

As predicted, OCD patients were impaired during initial, external feedback-driven learning but not during later learning stages. The emotional salience of the feedback modulated learning during the initial stage in patients and controls alike. During later learning stages, however, patients approached near-normal performance with rewarding feedback but continued to produce deficient learning with punishing feedback.

Conclusion

OCD patients have a fundamental impairment in updating behavior based on the external outcome of their actions, possibly mediated by faulty error signals in response selection processes.

Keywords

External feedbacklearningobsessive–compulsive disorder
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 39 , Issue 9 , September 2009 , pp. 1519 - 1526
Copyright
Copyright © 2009 Cambridge University Press

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