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Is executive impairment associated with schizophrenic syndromes? A meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 June 2008

C. R. M. Dibben ,
C. Rice ,
K. Laws  and
P. J. McKenna
C. R. M. Dibben
Affiliation:
Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge, UK
C. Rice
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, UK
K. Laws
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
P. J. McKenna*
Affiliation:
Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM, Spain
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr P. J. McKenna, Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Germanes Hospitalàries del Sagrat Cor de Jesús, C/Doctor Antoni Pujades 38-C, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

A key neuropsychological proposal in schizophrenia is that negative and disorganization symptoms are associated with different patterns of impairment on executive tasks.

Method

Studies reporting correlations between positive, negative or disorganization symptoms and any type of executive test were meta-analysed. The influence of moderating factors was also examined, including age, treatment and stage of illness and whether symptoms were relapsing or persistent. The magnitudes of the correlations were compared with those for general intellectual impairment.

Results

Pooled correlations between executive impairment and both negative symptoms and disorganization were significant in the small-to-moderate range. That for positive symptoms (‘reality distortion’), however, was close to zero. The pattern of correlations among different executive tests differed significantly for negative symptoms and disorganization. Patients with stable clinical pictures showed significantly higher correlations with executive impairment than those with relapsing and remitting illnesses. Both negative symptoms and disorganization also correlated significantly with general intellectual function as indexed by current IQ.

Conclusions

Meta-analysis supports the view that negative symptoms and disorganization are associated with partially dissociable patterns of executive impairment. However, co-existent general intellectual impairment has been an important confounding factor in the studies to date.

Keywords

Executive functionneuropsychologyschizophreniaschizophrenic symptoms
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 39 , Issue 3 , March 2009 , pp. 381 - 392
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

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