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Increased fronto-striatal reward prediction errors moderate decision making in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2017

T. U. Hauser ,
R. Iannaccone ,
R. J. Dolan ,
J. Ball ,
J. Hättenschwiler ,
R. Drechsler ,
M. Rufer ,
D. Brandeis ,
S. Walitza  and
S. Brem
T. U. Hauser*
Affiliation:
Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London WC1B 5EH, UK
R. Iannaccone
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
R. J. Dolan
Affiliation:
Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London WC1B 5EH, UK
J. Ball
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
J. Hättenschwiler
Affiliation:
Anxiety Disorders and Depression Treatment Center Zurich (ADTCZ), Zurich, Switzerland
R. Drechsler
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
M. Rufer
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
D. Brandeis
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
S. Walitza
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
S. Brem
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
*
*Address for correspondence: T. U. Hauser, Ph.D., Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has been linked to functional abnormalities in fronto-striatal networks as well as impairments in decision making and learning. Little is known about the neurocognitive mechanisms causing these decision-making and learning deficits in OCD, and how they relate to dysfunction in fronto-striatal networks.

Method

We investigated neural mechanisms of decision making in OCD patients, including early and late onset of disorder, in terms of reward prediction errors (RPEs) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. RPEs index a mismatch between expected and received outcomes, encoded by the dopaminergic system, and are known to drive learning and decision making in humans and animals. We used reinforcement learning models and RPE signals to infer the learning mechanisms and to compare behavioural parameters and neural RPE responses of the OCD patients with those of healthy matched controls.

Results

Patients with OCD showed significantly increased RPE responses in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the putamen compared with controls. OCD patients also had a significantly lower perseveration parameter than controls.

Conclusions

Enhanced RPE signals in the ACC and putamen extend previous findings of fronto-striatal deficits in OCD. These abnormally strong RPEs suggest a hyper-responsive learning network in patients with OCD, which might explain their indecisiveness and intolerance of uncertainty.

Keywords

Age of onsetanterior cingulate cortexobsessive–compulsive disorderreinforcement learningreward prediction errors
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 47 , Issue 7 , May 2017 , pp. 1246 - 1258
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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Footnotes

† Shared authorship.

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