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Impaired decision-making in symptomatic anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients: a meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2015

S. Guillaume ,
P. Gorwood ,
F. Jollant ,
F. Van den Eynde ,
P. Courtet  and
S. Richard-Devantoy
S. Guillaume*
Affiliation:
Université Montpellier I & CHU Montpellier & Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France
P. Gorwood
Affiliation:
CMME (Groupe Hospitalier Sainte-Anne), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris 75014, France
F. Jollant
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montréal (Québec), Canada
F. Van den Eynde
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal (Québec), Canada
P. Courtet
Affiliation:
Université Montpellier I & CHU Montpellier & Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France
S. Richard-Devantoy
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montréal (Québec), Canada Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire EA 4638, Université de Nantes et Angers, France
*
*Address for correspondence: S. Guillaume, Psychiatric Emergency and Post Emergency Department, Hospital Lapeyronie, Avenue Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background.

Impaired decision-making is a potential neurocognitive phenotype of eating disorders. It is therefore important to disentangle the decision-making deficits associated with the eating disorder subtypes and determine whether this putative impairment is a state or trait marker of the disease or more related to starvation. We systematically reviewed the literature on decision-making in eating disorders and conducted a meta-analysis to explore its role in anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED).

Method.

A search of the Medline and EMBASE databases and article references was performed. A total of 23 studies (2044 participants) met the selection criteria. When the Iowa gambling task (IGT) was used in at least three of the studies, a meta-analysis was run.

Results.

IGT performance was significantly worse in patients with an eating disorder diagnosis (AN, BN or BED) compared with healthy controls, indicating that eating disorders have a negative effect on decision-making. Hedges’ g effect sizes were moderate to large (−0.72 in AN, −0.62 in BN, and −1.26 in BED). Recovered AN patients had IGT scores similar to those of healthy controls. Restrictive AN patients had significantly lower IGT net scores than purging AN patients, and both AN subtypes had worse performances than healthy controls. Age and body mass index did not explain results.

Conclusions.

Decision-making was significantly altered in patients with eating disorders. Poor decision-making was more pronounced during the acute phase than in the recovered state of AN. Nutritional status during the acute phase of the disease did not seem to influence decision-making skills.

Keywords

Decision-makingeating disordersIowa gambling task
Type
Review Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 45 , Issue 16 , December 2015 , pp. 3377 - 3391
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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