Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T15:21:20.886Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The impact of childhood trauma on thalamic functional connectivity in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2020

Minyi Chu ,
Tingting Xu ,
Yi Wang ,
Pei Wang ,
Qiumeng Gu ,
Qiang Liu ,
Eric F. C. Cheung ,
Raymond C. K. Chan Open the ORCID record for Raymond C. K. Chan [Opens in a new window]  and
Zhen Wang Open the ORCID record for Zhen Wang [Opens in a new window]
Minyi Chu
Affiliation:
Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Tingting Xu
Affiliation:
Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Yi Wang
Affiliation:
Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Pei Wang
Affiliation:
Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Qiumeng Gu
Affiliation:
Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Qiang Liu
Affiliation:
Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Eric F. C. Cheung
Affiliation:
Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
Raymond C. K. Chan*
Affiliation:
Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Zhen Wang
Affiliation:
Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
*
Author for correspondence: Zhen Wang, E-mail: [email protected]; Raymond C. K. Chan, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

Childhood trauma is a vulnerability factor for the development of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Empirical findings suggest that trauma-related alterations in brain networks, especially in thalamus-related regions, have been observed in OCD patients. However, the relationship between childhood trauma and thalamic connectivity in patients with OCD remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the impact of childhood trauma on thalamic functional connectivity in OCD patients.

Methods

Magnetic resonance imaging resting-state scans were acquired in 79 patients with OCD, including 22 patients with a high level of childhood trauma (OCD_HCT), 57 patients with a low level of childhood trauma (OCD_LCT) and 47 healthy controls. Seven thalamic subdivisions were chosen as regions of interest (ROIs) to examine the group difference in thalamic ROIs and whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC).

Results

We found significantly decreased caudate-thalamic rsFC in OCD patients as a whole group and also in OCD_LCT patients, compared with healthy controls. However, OCD_HCT patients exhibited increased thalamic rsFC with the prefrontal cortex when compared with both OCD_LCT patients and healthy controls.

Conclusions

Taken together, OCD patients with high and low levels of childhood trauma exhibit different pathological alterations in thalamic rsFC, suggesting that childhood trauma may be a predisposing factor for some OCD patients.

Keywords

Caudatechildhood traumacluster analysisobsessive–compulsive disorderresting-state functional connectivitythalamus
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 52 , Issue 13 , October 2022 , pp. 2471 - 2480
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

These authors contributed equally to the study.

References

Aas, M., Dazzan, P., Fisher, H. L., Morgan, C., Morgan, K., Reichenberg, A., … Pariante, C. M. (2011). Childhood trauma and cognitive function in first-episode affective and non-affective psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 129(1), 12–19. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.03.017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Anticevic, A., Hu, S., Zhang, S., Savic, A., Billingslea, E., Wasylink, S., … Pittenger, C. (2014). Global resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis identifies frontal cortex, striatal, and cerebellar dysconnectivity in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 75(8), 595–605. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.021CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ashburner, J. (2007). A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm. NeuroImage, 38(1), 95–113. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ay, R., & Erbay, L. G. (2018). Relationship between childhood trauma and suicide probability in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 261, 132–136. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.054CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. (1996). Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67(3), 588–597. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13Google ScholarPubMed
Behrens, T. E., Johansenberg, H., Woolrich, M. W., Smith, S. M., Wheelerkingshott, C. A., Boulby, P. A., … Ciccarelli, O. (2003). Non-invasive mapping of connections between human thalamus and cortex using diffusion imaging. Nature Neuroscience, 6(7), 750–757. doi: 10.1038/nn1075CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., … Zule, W. (2003). Development and validation of a brief screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(2), 169–190. doi: 10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00541-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beucke, J. C., Sepulcre, J., Eldaief, M. C., Sebold, M., Kathmann, N., & Kaufmann, C. (2014). Default mode network subsystem alterations in obsessive–compulsive disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 205(5), 376–382. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.137380CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bruin, W., Denys, D., & van Wingen, G. (2019). Diagnostic neuroimaging markers of obsessive–compulsive disorder: initial evidence from structural and functional MRI studies. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 91, 49–59. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.005Google ScholarPubMed
Cancel, A., Comte, M., Boutet, C., Schneider, F. C., Rousseau, P. F., Boukezzi, S., … Fakra, E. (2017). Childhood trauma and emotional processing circuits in schizophrenia: a functional connectivity study. Schizophrenia Research, 184, 69–72. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.12.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cassiers, L. L. M., Sabbe, B. G. C., Schmaal, L., Veltman, D. J., Penninx, B., & Van Den Eede, F. (2018). Structural and functional brain abnormalities associated with exposure to different childhood trauma subtypes: a systematic review of neuroimaging findings. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 329. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00329CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, Y., Juhas, M., Greenshaw, A. J., Hu, Q., Meng, X., Cui, H., … Li, P. (2016a). Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity of the left caudate nucleus in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Neuroscience Letters, 623, 57–62. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.030CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Y., Meng, X., Hu, Q., Cui, H., Ding, Y., Kang, L., … Wang, Y. (2016b). Altered resting-state functional organization within the central executive network in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Clinical Neurosciences, 70(10), 448–456. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12419CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, S. K. W., Wong, C. W., Wong, K. C., Chong, G. H. C., Wong, T. P., Chang, S. S., … NG, K. O. (2002). A study of psychometric properties, normative scores and factor structure of Beck Anxiety Inventory Chinese version. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1, 4–6. (1 October, 2019. Avaliable online: http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-ZLCY200201001.htm).Google Scholar
Cho, Y. T., Fromm, S., Guyer, A. E., Detloff, A., Pine, D. S., Fudge, J. L., & Ernst, M. (2013). Nucleus accumbens, thalamus and insula connectivity during incentive anticipation in typical adults and adolescents. NeuroImage, 66, 508–521. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cromer, K. R., Schmidt, N. B., & Murphy, D. L. (2007). An investigation of traumatic life events and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(7), 1683–1691. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.08.018CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Bellis, M. D., & Zisk, A. (2014). The biological effects of childhood trauma. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 23(2), 185–222. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2014.01.002Google ScholarPubMed
den Braber, A., Ent, D. V., Blokland, G. A., van Grootheest, D. S., Cath, D. C., Veltman, D. J., … Boomsma, D. I. (2008). An fMRI study in monozygotic twins discordant for obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Biological Psychology, 79(1), 91–102. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.01.010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Vries, F. E., de Wit, S. J., Cath, D. C., van der Werf, Y. D., van der Borden, V., van Rossum, T. B., … van den Heuvel, O. A. (2014). Compensatory frontoparietal activity during working memory: an endophenotype of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 76(11), 878–887. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.11.021CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Wit, S. J., de Vries, F. E., van der Werf, Y. D., Cath, D. C., Heslenfeld, D. J., Veltman, E. M., … van den Heuvel, O. A. (2012). Presupplementary motor area hyperactivity during response inhibition: a candidate endophenotype of obsessive–compulsive disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(10), 1100–1108. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010073CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dykshoorn, K. L. (2014). Trauma-related obsessive–compulsive disorder: a review. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2(1), 517–528. doi: 10.1080/21642850.2014.905207CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ernst, M., Mohr, H. M., Schött, M., Rickmeyer, C., Fischmann, T., Leuzinger-Bohleber, M., … Grabhorn, R. (2018). The effects of social exclusion on response inhibition in borderline personality disorder and major depression. Psychiatry Research, 262, 333–339. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.034CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Everitt, B. (1980). Cluster analysis. Quality & Quantity, 14(1), 75–100. doi: 10.1007/BF00154794CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, W. K., Grice, D. E., Lapidus, K. A., & Coffey, B. J. (2014). Obsessive–compulsive disorder. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 37(3), 257–267. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2014.06.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Delgado, P., Heninger, G. R., & Charney, D. S. (1989). The yale-brown obsessive compulsive scale. II. validity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46(11), 1012–1016. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110054008Google ScholarPubMed
Goodman, G. S., Quas, J. A., & Ogle, C. M. (2010). Child maltreatment and memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 325–351. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych. 093008.100403CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goto, M., Abe, O., Miyati, T., Yamasue, H., Gomi, T., & Takeda, T. (2015). Head motion and correction methods in resting-state functional MRI. Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences, 15(2), 178–186. doi: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2015-0060.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heim, C., Newport, D. J., Mletzko, T., Miller, A. H., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2008). The link between childhood trauma and depression: insights from HPA axis studies in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 33(6), 693–710. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.03.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hirosawa, R., Jin, N., Sakai, Y., Nishida, S., Ishida, T., Nakamae, T., … Fukui, K. (2013). Reduced dorsolateral prefrontal cortical hemodynamic response in adult obsessive–compulsive disorder as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy during the verbal fluency task. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 9, 955–962. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S45402CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hou, J. M., Zhao, M., Zhang, W., Song, L. H., Wu, W. J., Wang, J., … Li, H. T. (2014). Resting-state functional connectivity abnormalities in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder and their healthy first-degree relatives. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 39(5), 304–311. doi: 10.1503/jpn.130220CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jahanshahi, M., Obeso, I., Rothwell, J. C., & Obeso, J. A. (2015). A fronto-striato-subthalamic-pallidal network for goal-directed and habitual inhibition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(12), 719–732. doi: 10.1038/nrn4038CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jung, W. H., Yücel, M., Yun, J. Y., Yoon, Y. B., Cho, K. I., Parkes, L., … Kwon, J. S. (2017). Altered functional network architecture in orbitofronto-striato-thalamic circuit of unmedicated patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Human Brain Mapping, 38(1), 109–119. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23347CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalanthroff, E., Henik, A., Simpson, H. B., Todder, D., & Anholt, G. E. (2017). To do or not to do? Task control deficit in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Behavior Therapy, 48(5), 603–613. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2017.01.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, J. T., Gimbel, S. I., & Harris, S. (2016). Neural correlates of maintaining one's political beliefs in the face of counterevidence. Scientific Reports, 6, 39589. doi: 10.1038/srep39589CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R. C., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Wittchen, H. U. (2012). Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 21(3), 169–184. doi: 10.1002/mpr.1359CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koh, M. J., Seol, J., Kang, J. I., Kim, B. S., Namkoong, K., Chang, J. W., & Kim, S. J. (2018). Altered resting-state functional connectivity in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder: a magnetoencephalography study. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 123, 80–87. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.10.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lange, R. T., Iverson, G. L., Senior, G. J., & Chelune, G. J. (2002). A primer on cluster analysis applications to cognitive rehabilitation research. Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation, 20(1), 16–33.Google Scholar
Li, K., Zhang, H., Yang, Y., Zhu, J., Wang, B., Shi, Y., … Zhang, H. (2019). Abnormal functional network of the thalamic subregions in adult patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Behavioural Brain Research, 371, 111982. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111982CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lu, S., Gao, W., Wei, Z., Wang, D., Hu, S., Huang, M., … Li, L. (2017). Intrinsic brain abnormalities in young healthy adults with childhood trauma: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of regional homogeneity and functional connectivity. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 51(6), 614–623. doi: 10.1177/0004867416671415CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maltby, N., Tolin, D. F., Worhunsky, P., O'Keefe, T. M., & Kiehl, K. A. (2005). Dysfunctional action monitoring hyperactivates frontal-striatal circuits in obsessive–compulsive disorder: an event-related fMRI study. NeuroImage, 24(2), 495–503. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.041CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGregor, N. W., Hemmings, S. M. J., Erdman, L., Calmarza-Font, I., Stein, D. J., & Lochner, C. (2016). Modification of the association between early adversity and obsessive–compulsive disorder by polymorphisms in the MAOA, MAOB and COMT genes. Psychiatry Research, 246, 527–532. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.044CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Menzies, L., Chamberlain, S. R., Laird, A. R., Thelen, S. M., Sahakian, B. J., & Bullmore, E. T. (2008). Integrating evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of obsessive–compulsive disorder: the orbitofronto-striatal model revisited. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(3), 525–549. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.09.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milad, M. R., & Rauch, S. L. (2012). Obsessive–compulsive disorder: beyond segregated cortico–striatal pathways. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(1), 43–51. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, A. B., Esposito-Smythers, C., Weismoore, J. T., & Renshaw, K. D. (2013). The relation between child maltreatment and adolescent suicidal behavior: a systematic review and critical examination of the literature. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 16(2), 146–172. doi: 10.1007/s10567-013-0131-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mooi, E., & Sarstedt, M. (2011) Cluster analysis. A concise guide to market Research (pp. 273–324). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ouerchefani, R., Ouerchefani, N., Allain, P., Ben Rejeb, M. R., & Le Gall, D. (2019). Relationships between executive function, working memory, and decision-making on the Iowa gambling task: evidence from ventromedial patients, dorsolateral patients, and normal subjects. Journal of Neuropsychology, 13(3), 432–461. doi: 10.1111/jnp.12156CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petkus, A. J., Lenze, E. J., Butters, M. A., Twamley, E. W., & Wetherell, J. L. (2018). Childhood trauma is associated with poorer cognitive performance in older adults. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 79(1), 16m11021. doi: 10.4088/JCP.16m11021CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Philip, N. S., Tyrka, A. R., Albright, S. E., Sweet, L. H., Almeida, J., Price, L. H., & Carpenter, L. L. (2016). Early life stress predicts thalamic hyperconnectivity: a transdiagnostic study of global connectivity. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 79, 93–100. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.05.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Postuma, R. B., & Dagher, A. (2006). Basal ganglia functional connectivity based on a meta-analysis of 126 positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging publications. Cerebral Cortex, 16(10), 1508–1521. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhj088CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quidé, Y., O'Reilly, N., Watkeys, O. J., Carr, V. J., & Green, M. J. (2018). Effects of childhood trauma on left inferior frontal gyrus function during response inhibition across psychotic disorders. Psychological Medicine, 48(9), 1454–1463. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717002884CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Real, E., Labad, J., Alonso, P., Segalàs, C., Jiménez-Murcia, S., Bueno, B., … Menchón, J. M. (2011). Stressful life events at onset of obsessive–compulsive disorder are associated with a distinct clinical pattern. Depression and Anxiety, 28(5), 367–376. doi:10.1002/da.20792.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruscio, A. M., Stein, D. J., Chiu, W. T., & Kessler, R. C. (2010). The epidemiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Molecular Psychiatry, 15(1), 53–63. doi: 10.1038/mp.2008.94CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, A., Cortese, B., Lorch, E., Ivey, J., Banerjee, S. P., Moore, G. J., & Rosenberg, D. R. (2003). Localized functional neurochemical marker abnormalities in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 13(Suppl 1), S31–S38. doi: 10.1089/104454603322126322CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saleh, A., Potter, G. G., McQuoid, D. R., Boyd, B., Turner, R., MacFall, J. R., & Taylor, W. D. (2017). Effects of early life stress on depression, cognitive performance and brain morphology. Psychological Medicine, 47(1), 171–181. doi: 10.1017/S0033291716002403CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selvi, Y., Besiroglu, L., Aydin, A., Gulec, M., Atli, A., Boysan, M., & Celik, C. (2012). Relations between childhood traumatic experiences, dissociation, and cognitive models in obsessive compulsive disorder. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 16(1), 53–59. doi: 10.3109/13651501.2011.617458CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Semiz, U. B., Inanc, L., & Bezgin, C. H. (2013). Are trauma and dissociation related to treatment resistance in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(8), 1287–1296. doi: 10.1007/s00127-013-0787-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shannon, C., Douse, K., McCusker, C., Feeney, L., Barrett, S., & Mulholland, C. (2011). The association between childhood trauma and memory functioning in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37(3), 531–537. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbp096CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shao, Y., Wang, L., Ye, E., Jin, X., Ni, W., Yang, Y., … Yang, Z. (2013). Decreased thalamocortical functional connectivity after 36 h of total sleep deprivation: evidence from resting state FMRI. PLoS One, 8(10), e78830. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078830CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., … Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59 (Suppl 20), 22–57.Google ScholarPubMed
Steer, R. A., Rissmiller, D. J., Ranieri, W. F., & Beck, A. T. (1993). Structure of the computer-assisted Beck Anxiety Inventory with psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 60(3), 532–542. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6003_10CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stern, E. R., Fitzgerald, K. D., Welsh, R. C., Abelson, J. L., & Taylor, S. F. (2012). Resting-state functional connectivity between fronto-parietal and default mode networks in obsessive–compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 7(5), e36356. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036356CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tasca, G. A., Ritchie, K., Zachariades, F., Proulx, G., Trinneer, A., Balfour, L., … Bissada, H. (2013). Attachment insecurity mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and eating disorder psychopathology in a clinical sample: a structural equation model. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(11), 926–933. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van den Heuvel, O. A., van Wingen, G., Soriano-Mas, C., Alonso, P., Chamberlain, S. R., Nakamae, T., … Veltman, D. J. (2016). Brain circuitry of compulsivity. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 26(5), 810–827. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varese, F., Smeets, F., Drukker, M., Lieverse, R., Lataster, T., Viechtbauer, W., … Bentall, R. P. (2012). Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective- and cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 38(4), 661–671. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbs050CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, L., Dai, Z., Peng, H., Tan, L., Ding, Y., He, Z., … Li, L. (2014). Overlapping and segregated resting-state functional connectivity in patients with major depressive disorder with and without childhood neglect. Human Brain Mapping, 35(4), 1154–1166. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22241CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, Z., Yuan, C. M., Huang, J., Li, Z. Z., Chen, J., Zhang, H. Y., … Xiao, Z. P. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Beck depression inventory-II among depression patients. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 25, 476–480.Google Scholar
Whiteside, S. P., Port, J. D., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2004). A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 132(1), 69–79. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2004.07.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, M. S., Hamblin, R., Nadeau, J., Simmons, J., Smith, A., Wilson, M., … Storch, E. A. (2018). Quality of life and burden in caregivers of youth with obsessive–compulsive disorder presenting for intensive treatment. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 80, 46–56. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.08.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yan, C. G., Wang, X. D., Zuo, X. N., & Zang, Y. F. (2016). DPABI: data processing & analysis for (resting-state) brain imaging. Neuroinformatics, 14(3), 339–351. doi: 10.1007/s12021-016-9299-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yan, C. G., & Zang, Y. F. (2010). DPARSF: a MATLAB toolbox for “pipeline” data analysis of resting-state fMRI. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 4, 13. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2010.00013Google Scholar
Yehuda, R., Halligan, S. L., & Grossman, R. (2001). Childhood trauma and risk for PTSD: relationship to intergenerational effects of trauma, parental PTSD, and cortisol excretion. Development and Psychopathology, 13(3), 733–753. doi: 10.1017/s0954579401003170CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yu, M., Linn, K. A., Shinohara, R. T., Oathes, D. J., Cook, P. A., Duprat, R., … Sheline, Y. I. (2019). Childhood trauma history is linked to abnormal brain connectivity in major depression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(17), 8582–8590. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1900801116CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhao, X. F., Zhang, Y. L., Li, L. F., Zhou, Y. F., Li, H. Z., & Yang, S. C. (2005). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of childhood trauma questionnaire. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, 9(20), 105–107.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Chu et al. supplementary material

Table S1-S2

Download Chu et al. supplementary material(File)
File 29.1 KB