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Do documented records and retrospective reports of childhood maltreatment similarly predict chronic inflammation?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2019

Max Osborn  and
Cathy Spatz Widom Open the ORCID record for Cathy Spatz Widom [Opens in a new window]
Max Osborn
Affiliation:
John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York City, New York, USA Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, New York, USA
Cathy Spatz Widom*
Affiliation:
John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York City, New York, USA Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, New York, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Cathy Spatz Widom, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Background

Childhood adversities have been associated with chronic inflammation and risk for cardiovascular disease. With some exceptions, existing knowledge of this relationship is based on retrospective self-reports, potentially subject to recall bias or memory problems. We seek to determine whether childhood maltreatment is associated with higher C-reactive protein (CRP) later in life and whether individuals with official and retrospective self-reports of maltreatment and men and women show similar increases in risk.

Methods

Data are from in-person interviews in 2009–2010 with 443 offspring (mean age = 23.4) of parents in a longitudinal study of the consequences of childhood maltreatment. Official reports of maltreatment were abstracted from 2011–2013 Child Protective Services records. Eleven measures were used to assess self-reported maltreatment retrospectively. Seventeen percent of offspring had official reports, whereas self-reported prevalence rates ranged from 5.4% to 64.8%. CRP was assessed through blood spot samples. Regression models were used to estimate the effect of maltreatment on inflammation, adjusting for age, sex, race, parent occupational status, current depression, smoking, and heavy drinking.

Results

Individuals with official reports of child maltreatment and, specifically, physical abuse, had significantly higher levels of CRP than non-maltreated individuals. Maltreated females showed elevated CRP, independent of control variables, whereas no significant association was observed in males. Retrospective self-report measures of child maltreatment did not predict elevated CRP.

Conclusions

Individuals with documented histories of childhood maltreatment are at increased risk for chronic inflammation and may benefit from targeted interventions. The results strengthen inferences about the effects of childhood maltreatment on inflammation in females.

Keywords

Child maltreatmentchronic inflammationC-reactive proteindocumented reportsretrospective reports
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 50 , Issue 14 , October 2020 , pp. 2406 - 2415
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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Footnotes

Article last updated 23 February 2022.

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