Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T19:13:51.911Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Combined role of childhood maltreatment, family history, and gender in the risk for alcohol dependence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2012

M. C. Fenton ,
T. Geier ,
K. Keyes ,
A. E. Skodol ,
B. F. Grant  and
D. S. Hasin
M. C. Fenton
Affiliation:
Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
T. Geier
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
K. Keyes
Affiliation:
Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
A. E. Skodol
Affiliation:
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
B. F. Grant
Affiliation:
Intramural Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
D. S. Hasin*
Affiliation:
Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: D. S. Hasin, Ph.D., Professor of Clinical Epidemiology (in Psychiatry), Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, 1051 Riverside Drive #123, New York, NY 10032, USA. (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

Studies of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and alcohol dependence have not controlled comprehensively for potential confounding by co-occurring maltreatments and other childhood trauma, or determined whether parental history of alcohol disorders operates synergistically with gender and maltreatment to produce alcohol dependence. We addressed these issues using national data.

Method

Face-to-face surveys of 27 712 adult participants in a national survey.

Results

Childhood physical, emotional and sexual abuse, and physical neglect were associated with alcohol dependence (p<0.001), controlling for demographics, co-occurring maltreatments and other childhood trauma. Attributable proportions (APs) due to interaction between each maltreatment and parental history revealed significant synergistic relationships for physical abuse in the entire sample, and for sexual abuse and emotional neglect in women (APs, 0.21, 0.31, 0.26 respectively), indicating that the odds of alcohol dependence given both parental history and these maltreatments were significantly higher than the additive effect of each alone (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Childhood maltreatments independently increased the risk of alcohol dependence. Importantly, results suggest a synergistic role of parental alcoholism: the effect of physical abuse on alcohol dependence may depend on parental history, while the effects of sexual abuse and emotional neglect may depend on parental history among women. Findings underscore the importance of early identification and prevention, particularly among those with a family history, and could guide genetic research and intervention development, e.g. programs to reduce the burden of childhood maltreatment may benefit from addressing the negative long-term effects of maltreatments, including potential alcohol problems, across a broad range of childhood environments.

Keywords

Alcohol dependencealcohol use disorderchildhood adverse eventschildhood maltreatmentepidemiology
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 43 , Issue 5 , May 2013 , pp. 1045 - 1057
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agrawal, A, Sartor, CE, Lynskey, MT, Grant, JD, Pergadia, ML, Grucza, R, Bucholz, KK, Nelson, EC, Madden, PA, Martin, NG, Heath, AC (2009). Evidence for an interaction between age at first drink and genetic influences on DSM-IV alcohol dependence symptoms. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research 33, 2047–2056.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
APA (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Anda, RF, Felitti, VJ, Bremner, JD, Walker, JD, Whitfield, C, Perry, BD, Dube, SR, Giles, WH (2006). The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 256, 174–186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andersson, T, Alfredsson, L, Kallberg, H, Zdravkovic, S, Ahlbom, A (2005). Calculating measures of biological interaction. European Journal of Epidemiology 20, 575–579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andreasen, NC, Endicott, J, Spitzer, RL, Winokur, G (1977). The family history method using diagnostic criteria. Reliability and validity. Archives of General Psychiatry 34, 1229–1235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernstein, DP, Ahluvalia, T, Pogge, D, Handelsman, L (1997). Validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in an adolescent psychiatric population. Journal of the American Acadamy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 36, 340–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, DP, Fink, L, Handelsman, L, Foote, J, Lovejoy, M, Wenzel, K, Sapareto, E, Ruggiero, J (1994). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. American Journal of Psychiatry 151, 1132–1136.Google ScholarPubMed
Bifulco, A, Brown, GW, Lillie, A, Jarvis, J (1997). Memories of childhood neglect and abuse: corroboration in a series of sisters. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 38, 365–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bower, GH (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist 36, 129–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brody, GH, Beach, SR, Philibert, RA, Chen, YF, Lei, MK, Murry, VM, Brown, AC (2009 a). Parenting moderates a genetic vulnerability factor in longitudinal increases in youths' substance use. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 77, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brody, GH, Beach, SR, Philibert, RA, Chen, YF, Murry, VM (2009 b). Prevention effects moderate the association of 5-HTTLPR and youth risk behavior initiation: gene×environment hypotheses tested via a randomized prevention design. Child Development 80, 645–661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butchart, A, Harvey, AP, Mian, M, Furniss, T (2006). Preventing Child Maltreatment: A Guide to Taking Action and Generating Evidence. World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Canino, G, Bravo, M, Ramirez, R, Febo, VE, Rubio-Stipec, M, Fernandez, RL, Hasin, D (1999). The Spanish Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS): reliability and concordance with clinical diagnoses in a Hispanic population. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 60, 790–799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caspi, A, Hariri, AR, Holmes, A, Uher, R, Moffitt, TE (2010). Genetic sensitivity to the environment: the case of the serotonin transporter gene and its implications for studying complex diseases and traits. American Journal of Psychiatry 167, 509–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chatterji, S, Saunders, JB, Vrasti, R, Grant, BF, Hasin, D, Mager, D (1997). Reliability of the alcohol and drug modules of the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule – Alcohol/Drug-Revised (AUDADIS-ADR): an international comparison. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 47, 171–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daro, D, McCurdy, K (1994). Preventing child abuse and neglect: programmatic interventions. Child Welfare 73, 405–430.Google ScholarPubMed
Darroch, J (1997). Biologic synergism and parallelism. American Journal of Epidemiology 145, 661–668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson, DA, Grant, BF (1998). Family history of alcoholism and gender: their combined effects on DSM-IV alcohol dependence and major depression. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 59, 97–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dube, SR, Miller, JW, Brown, DW, Giles, WH, Felitti, VJ, Dong, M, Anda, RF (2006). Adverse childhood experiences and the association with ever using alcohol and initiating alcohol use during adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health 38, 444 e1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enoch, MA (2011). The role of early life stress as a predictor for alcohol and drug dependence. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 214, 17–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gelernter, J, Kranzler, HR (2009). Genetics of alcohol dependence. Human Genetics 126, 91–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilbert, R, Kemp, A, Thoburn, J, Sidebotham, P, Radford, L, Glaser, D, Macmillan, HL (2009 a). Recognising and responding to child maltreatment. Lancet 373, 167–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilbert, R, Widom, CS, Browne, K, Fergusson, D, Webb, E, Janson, S (2009 b). Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. Lancet 373, 68–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grant, BF, Dawson, DA, Stinson, FS, Chou, PS, Kay, W, Pickering, R (2003). The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): reliability of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, family history of depression and psychiatric diagnostic modules in a general population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 71, 7–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, BF, Goldstein, RB, Chou, SP, Huang, B, Stinson, FS, Dawson, DA, Saha, TD, Smith, SM, Pulay, AJ, Pickering, RP, Ruan, WJ, Compton, WM (2009). Sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Molecular Psychiatry 14, 1051–1066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grant, BF, Harford, TC, Dawson, DA, Chou, PS, Pickering, RP (1995). The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview schedule (AUDADIS): reliability of alcohol and drug modules in a general population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 39, 37–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, BF, Stinson, FS, Dawson, DA, Chou, SP, Ruan, WJ, Pickering, RP (2004). Co-occurrence of 12-month alcohol and drug use disorders and personality disorders in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry 61, 361–368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hasin, D, Hatzenbuehler, ML, Keyes, K, Ogburn, E (2006). Substance use disorders: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) and International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10). Addiction 101 (Suppl. 1), 59–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hasin, D, Van Rossem, R, McCloud, S, Endicott, J (1997). Alcohol dependence and abuse diagnoses: validity in community sample heavy drinkers. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research 21, 213–219.Google ScholarPubMed
Hasin, DS, Stinson, FS, Ogburn, E, Grant, BF (2007). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry 64, 830–842.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hatzenbuehler, ML, Keyes, KM, Narrow, WE, Grant, BF, Hasin, DS (2008). Racial/ethnic disparities in service utilization for individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders in the general population: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 69, 1112–1121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hussey, JM, Chang, JJ, Kotch, JB (2006). Child maltreatment in the United States: prevalence, risk factors, and adolescent health consequences. Pediatrics 118, 933–942.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, JG, Cohen, P, Brown, J, Smailes, EM, Bernstein, DP (1999). Childhood maltreatment increases risk for personality disorders during early adulthood. Arcives of General Psychiatry 56, 600–606.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalilani, L, Atashili, J (2006). Measuring additive interaction using odds ratios. Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations 3, 5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaufman, J, Yang, BZ, Douglas-Palumberi, H, Crouse-Artus, M, Lipschitz, D, Krystal, JH, Gelernter, J (2007). Genetic and environmental predictors of early alcohol use. Biological Psychiatry 61, 1228–1234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, RC, Davis, CG, Kendler, KS (1997). Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Psychological Medicine 27, 1101–1119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lumley, M, Harkness, K (2007). Specificity in the relations among childhood adversity, early maladaptive schemas, and symptom profiles in adolescent depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research 31, 639–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macmillan, HL, Wathen, CN, Barlow, J, Fergusson, DM, Leventhal, JM, Taussig, HN (2009). Interventions to prevent child maltreatment and associated impairment. Lancet 373, 250–266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marques, AC, Formigoni, ML (2001). Comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioral therapy for alcohol and/or drug-dependent patients. Addiction 96, 835–846.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McHugh, RK, Hearon, BA, Otto, MW (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy for substance use disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 33, 511–525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLaughlin, KA, Green, JG, Gruber, MJ, Sampson, NA, Zaslavsky, AM, Kessler, RC (2010). Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) III: associations with functional impairment related to DSM-IV disorders. Psychological Medicine 40, 847–859.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, EC, Lynskey, MT, Heath, AC, Madden, PA, Martin, NG (2010). A family study of adult twins with and without a history of childhood abuse: stability of retrospective reports of maltreatment and associated family measures. Twin Research and Human Genetics 13, 121–130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Padesky, C (1994). Schema change processes in cognitive therapy. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 1, 267–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pull, CB, Saunders, JB, Mavreas, V, Cottler, LB, Grant, BF, Hasin, DS, Blaine, J, Mager, D, Ustun, BT (1997). Concordance between ICD-10 alcohol and drug use disorder criteria and diagnoses as measured by the AUDADIS-ADR, CIDI and SCAN: results of a cross-national study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 47, 207–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rehm, J, Mathers, C, Popova, S, Thavorncharoensap, M, Teerawattananon, Y, Patra, J (2009). Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet 373, 2223–2233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robins, LN, Schoenberg, SP, Holmes, SJ, Ratcliff, KS, Benham, A, Works, J (1985). Early home environment and retrospective recall: a test for concordance between siblings with and without psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 55, 27–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rothman, KJ, Greenland, S, Walker, AM (1980). Concepts of interaction. American Journal of Epidemiology 112, 467–470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruan, WJ, Goldstein, RB, Chou, SP, Smith, SM, Saha, TD, Pickering, RP, Dawson, DA, Huang, B, Stinson, FS, Grant, BF (2008). The alcohol use disorder and associated disabilities interview schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): reliability of new psychiatric diagnostic modules and risk factors in a general population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 92, 27–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rutter, M, Pickles, A, Murray, R, Eaves, L (2001). Testing hypotheses on specific environmental causal effects on behavior. Psychological Bulletin 127, 291–324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schuckit, MA, Tipp, JE, Bergman, M, Reich, W, Hesselbrock, VM, Smith, TL (1997). Comparison of induced and independent major depressive disorders in 2,945 alcoholics. American Journal of Psychiatry 154, 948–957.Google Scholar
Sher, KJ, Gershuny, BS, Peterson, L, Raskin, G (1997). The role of childhood stressors in the intergenerational transmission of alcohol use disorders. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 58, 414–427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slutske, WS, Heath, AC, Madden, PA, Bucholz, KK, Dinwiddie, SH, Dunne, MP, Statham, DJ, Martin, NG (1996). Reliability and reporting biases for perceived parental history of alcohol-related problems: agreement between twins and differences between discordant pairs. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 57, 387–395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Straus, MA, Douglas, EM (2004). A short form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, and typologies for severity and mutuality. Violence and Victims 19, 507–520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Straus, MA, Hamby, SL, Finkelhor, D, Moore, DW, Runyan, D (1998). Identification of child maltreatment with the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales: development and psychometric data for a national sample of American parents. Child Abuse & Neglect 22, 249–270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SUDAAN (2002). Software for Survey Data Analysis (SUDAAN). Research Triangle Institute: Research Triangle Park, NC.Google Scholar
Thombs, BD, Lewis, C, Bernstein, DP, Medrano, MA, Hatch, JP (2007). An evaluation of the measurement equivalence of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – Short Form across gender and race in a sample of drug-abusing adults. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 63, 391–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, RG Jr., Lizardi, D, Keyes, KM, Hasin, DS (2008). Childhood or adolescent parental divorce/separation, parental history of alcohol problems, and offspring lifetime alcohol dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 98, 264–269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ustun, B, Compton, W, Mager, D, Babor, T, Baiyewu, O, Chatterji, S, Cottler, L, Gogus, A, Mavreas, V, Peters, L, Pull, C, Saunders, J, Smeets, R, Stipec, MR, Vrasti, R, Hasin, D, Room, R, Van den Brink, W, Regier, D, Blaine, J, Grant, BF, Sartorius, N (1997). WHO Study on the reliability and validity of the alcohol and drug use disorder instruments: overview of methods and results. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 47, 161–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wicks, S, Hjern, A, Dalman, C (2010). Social risk or genetic liability for psychosis? A study of children born in Sweden and reared by adoptive parents. American Journal of Psychiatry 167, 1240–1246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Widom, CS, Czaja, SJ, Dutton, MA (2008). Childhood victimization and lifetime revictimization. Child Abuse & Neglect 32, 785–796.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Widom, CS, Ireland, T, Glynn, PJ (1995). Alcohol abuse in abused and neglected children followed-up: are they at increased risk? Journal of Studies on Alcohol 56, 207–217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Widom, CS, White, HR, Czaja, SJ, Marmorstein, NR (2007). Long-term effects of child abuse and neglect on alcohol use and excessive drinking in middle adulthood. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 68, 317–326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, HW, Widom, CS (2009). A prospective examination of the path from child abuse and neglect to illicit drug use in middle adulthood: the potential mediating role of four risk factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 38, 340–354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wright, FD, Beck, AT, Newman, CF, Liese, BS (1993). Cognitive therapy of substance abuse: theoretical rationale. NIDA Research Monographs 137, 123–46.Google ScholarPubMed
Wurtele, SK, Kast, LC, Melzer, AM (1992). Sexual abuse prevention education for young children: a comparison of teachers and parents as instructors. Child Abuse Negl 16, 865–876.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wyatt, GE (1985). The sexual abuse of Afro-American and white-American women in childhood. Child Abuse & Neglect 9, 507–519.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, J, Xiao, S, Zhou, L (2010). Mental disorders and suicide among young rural Chinese: a case-control psychological autopsy study. American Journal of Psychiatry 167, 773–781.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zimmerman, M, Coryell, W, Pfohl, B, Stangl, D (1988). The reliability of the family history method for psychiatric diagnoses. Archives of General Psychiatry 45, 320–322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Fenton Supplementary Materials

Fenton Supplementary Materials

Download Fenton Supplementary Materials(File)
File 35.8 KB