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Assessing risk of neurodevelopmental disorders after birth with oxytocin: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 November 2018

Nicole N. Lønfeldt Open the ORCID record for Nicole N. Lønfeldt [Opens in a new window] ,
Frank C. Verhulst Open the ORCID record for Frank C. Verhulst [Opens in a new window] ,
Katrine Strandberg-Larsen Open the ORCID record for Katrine Strandberg-Larsen [Opens in a new window] ,
Kerstin J. Plessen Open the ORCID record for Kerstin J. Plessen [Opens in a new window]  and
Eli R. Lebowitz Open the ORCID record for Eli R. Lebowitz [Opens in a new window]
Nicole N. Lønfeldt*
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Frank C. Verhulst
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Katrine Strandberg-Larsen
Affiliation:
Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Kerstin J. Plessen
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark Division Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
Eli R. Lebowitz
Affiliation:
Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Nicole N. Lønfeldt, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Experts have raised concerns that oxytocin for labor induction and augmentation may have detrimental effects on the neurodevelopment of children. To investigate whether there is the reason for concern, we reviewed and evaluated the available evidence by searching databases with no language or date restrictions up to 9 September 2018. We included English-language studies reporting results on the association between perinatal oxytocin exposure and any cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms or disorders in childhood. We assessed the quality of studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scales. Independent risk estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses when at least two independent datasets provided data on the same symptom or disorder. Otherwise, we provided narrative summaries. Two studies examined cognitive impairment, one examined problem behavior, three examined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and seven focused on autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We provided narrative summaries of the studies on cognitive impairment. For ADHD, the pooled risk estimate was 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–1.78, based on a pooled sample size of 5 47 278 offspring. For ASD, the pooled risk estimate was 1.10; 95% CI 1.04–1.17, based on 8 87 470 offspring. Conclusions that perinatal oxytocin increases the risks of neurodevelopmental problems are premature. Observational studies of low to high quality comprise the evidence-base, and confounding, especially by the genetic or environmental vulnerability, remains an issue. Current evidence is insufficient to justify modifying obstetric guidelines for the use of oxytocin, which state that it should only be used when clinically indicated.

Keywords

ADHDadolescentsASDchildrenoxytocinperinatal risk factors
Type
Review Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 49 , Issue 6 , April 2019 , pp. 881 - 890
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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