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Treatment of depression in diagnosed diabetes: common cause or detection bias?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 August 2013

K. Manderbacka ,
M. Jokela ,
R. Sund  and
M. Elovainio
K. Manderbacka*
Affiliation:
National Institute for Health and Welfare, Service System Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland
M. Jokela
Affiliation:
Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
R. Sund
Affiliation:
National Institute for Health and Welfare, Service System Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland
M. Elovainio
Affiliation:
National Institute for Health and Welfare, Service System Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland
*
* Address for correspondence: K. Manderbacka, Ph.D., National Institute for Health and Welfare, Service System Research Unit, PO Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

This study examined two competing hypotheses concerning the association between diabetes and treatment for depression: (1) the detection/ascertainment bias hypothesis suggesting that those with diabetes are more likely to be diagnosed with and treated for depression because of increased medical attention and (2) a hypothesis assuming that diabetes and depression share common underlying pathophysiological pathways.

Method

The study population included all persons aged 35–65 years in Finland with any record of type 2 diabetes in the national health and population registers from 1999 to 2002 and for whom register-based data on depression treatment (antidepressant medication use and hospitalizations for depression) were available at least 2 years before and after the diagnosis of diabetes (n = 18 217). Sociodemographic data were individually linked to the study population. Associations between diabetes diagnosis and time and indicators of depression care were assessed with population-averaged multilevel logistic models.

Results

Within the year following diagnosis diabetes, there was a 5% increase in antidepressant medication use but not in hospitalization for depression. The longitudinal change in antidepressant use over time was less steep after the diabetes diagnosis, and hospitalization risk decreased after the diagnosis. These associations between diabetes diagnosis and depression treatment were not modified by the participant's socio-economic position (SEP).

Conclusions

These findings support the common cause hypothesis that treatment for diabetes is beneficial to the prevention of depression rather than the detection/ascertainment hypothesis that individuals with diabetes have higher rates of depression because they receive more medical attention in general.

Keywords

Depressiondiabetesregister-based study
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 44 , Issue 6 , April 2014 , pp. 1205 - 1212
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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