Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T03:14:33.769Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Secular trends in the incidence of eating disorders in China from 1990 to 2017: a joinpoint and age–period–cohort analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 August 2020

Jiayuan Wu Open the ORCID record for Jiayuan Wu [Opens in a new window] ,
Zhixiong Lin ,
Zhou Liu ,
Hairong He ,
Ling Bai  and
Jun Lyu
Jiayuan Wu
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China Department of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang524001, Guangdong, China
Zhixiong Lin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang524001, Guangdong, China
Zhou Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang524001, Guangdong, China
Hairong He
Affiliation:
Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
Ling Bai
Affiliation:
Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
Jun Lyu*
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
*
Author for correspondence: Jun Lyu, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

Eating disorders (ED) have increasingly become a global topic of concern for public health. A better understanding of ED incidence is a basic requirement for improving its management. However, the temporal trend of ED incidence in China is still unknown.

Methods

The incidence rates of ED from 1990 to 2017 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 database according to the following: subtype, i.e. anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN); sex; and age group. The average annual percent changes and relative risks were calculated using joinpoint regression and the age–period–cohort model, respectively.

Results

From 1990 to 2017, age-standardized incidence rates of ED continued to increase in males and females, and this variation trend was observed in AN and BN. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the incidence rates increased in all age groups. Adolescents had the highest risk of developing ED, followed by young adults. Age effects were the most influential risk factor for ED incidence. Period effects showed that the risk of developing ED continuously increased with increasing time periods in BN, but not in ED and AN. Concerning the cohort effects, people born after the 1990s presented a higher risk of ED, though they presented a lower risk of BN as compared to the whole cohort.

Conclusions

ED incidence rates continue to increase in China, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Further etiological studies are needed to explain these increases and to facilitate the early identification of high-risk individuals.

Keywords

Age–period–cohort modeleating disordersincidencejoinpoint regression analysistemporal trends
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 52 , Issue 5 , April 2022 , pp. 946 - 956
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, K. L., Byrne, S. M., Oddy, W. H., & Crosby, R. D. (2013). DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 eating disorders in adolescents: Prevalence, stability, and psychosocial correlates in a population-based sample of male and female adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 720–732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Bodell, L. P., Cheng, Y., & Wildes, J. E. (2019). Psychological impairment as a predictor of suicide ideation in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Suicide Life-Threatening Behavior, 49, 520–528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bühren, K., Schwarte, R., Fluck, F., Timmesfeld, N., Krei, M., Egberts, K., & Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. (2014). Comorbid psychiatric disorders in female adolescents with first-onset anorexia nervosa. European Eating Disorders Review, 22, 39–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cao, J., Eshak, E. S., Liu, K., Gero, K., Liu, Z., & Yu, C. (2019). Age-period-cohort analysis of stroke mortality attributable to high sodium intake in China and Japan. Stroke, 50, 1648–1654.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chan, C. W., & Leung, S. F. (2015). Validation of the eating disorder examination questionnaire: An online version. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 28, 659–665.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheng, Z. H., Perko, V. L., Fuller-Marashi, L., Gau, J. M., & Stice, E. (2019). Ethnic differences in eating disorder prevalence, risk factors, and predictive effects of risk factors among young women. Eating Behaviors, 32, 23–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clegg, L. X., Hankey, B. F., Tiwari, R., Feuer, E. J., & Edwards, B. K. (2009). Estimating average annual per cent change in trend analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 28, 3670–3682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dakanalis, A., Pla-Sanjuanelo, J., Caslini, M., Volpato, C., Riva, G., Clerici, M., & Carrà, G. (2016). Predicting onset and maintenance of men's eating disorders. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 16, 247–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eddy, K. T., Le Grange, D., Crosby, R. D., Hoste, R. R., Doyle, A. C., Smyth, A., & Herzog, D. B. (2010). Diagnostic classification of eating disorders in children and adolescents: How does DSM-IV-TR compare to empirically-derived categories? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 277–287.Google ScholarPubMed
Fu, W. J. J. (2000). Ridge estimator in singular design with application to age-period-cohort analysis of disease rates. Communications in Statistics-Theory and Methods, 29, 263–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galmiche, M., Déchelotte, P., Lambert, G., & Tavolacci, M. P. (2019). Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000–2018 period: A systematic literature review. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 109, 1402–1413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GBD 2017 Causes of death collaborators (2018). Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet (London, England), 392, 1736–1788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE collaborators (2018). Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet (London, England), 392, 1859–1922.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2018). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet (London, England), 392, 1789–1858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GBD 2017 Mortality Collaborators (2018). Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet (London, England), 392, 1684–1735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, J., Sun, S., & Fan, X. (2020) Validation of the 12-item Short Form of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire in the Chinese context: Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis. Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD, 10.1007/s40519-019-00840-3. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00840-3.Google ScholarPubMed
Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, Z., Yu, X., Yan, J., & Wu, Y. (2019). Prevalence of mental disorders in China: A cross-sectional epidemiological study. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 6, 211–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jean, S., O'Donnell, S., Lagacé, C., Walsh, P., Bancej, C., Brown, J. P., & Osteoporosis Surveillance Expert Working Group. (2013). Trends in hip fracture rates in Canada: An age-period-cohort analysis. Journal of Bone Mineral Research, 28, 1283–1289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kask, J., Ramklint, M., Kolia, N., Panagiotakos, D., Ekbom, A., Ekselius, L., & Papadopoulos, F. C. (2017). Anorexia nervosa in males: Excess mortality and psychiatric co-morbidity in 609 Swedish in-patients. Psychological Medicine, 47, 1489–1499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, A. C., Vimalakanthan, K., & Carter, J. C. (2014). Understanding the roles of self-esteem, self-compassion, and fear of self-compassion in eating disorder pathology: An examination of female students and eating disorder patients. Eating Behaviors, 15, 388–391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keski-Rahkonen, A., & Mustelin, L. (2016). Epidemiology of eating disorders in Europe: Prevalence, incidence, comorbidity, course, consequences, and risk factors. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 29, 340–345.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, H. J., Fay, M. P., Feuer, E. J., & Midthune, D. N. (2000). Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Statistics in Medicine, 19, 335–351.3.0.CO;2-Z>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kolar, D. R., Rodriguez, D. L., Chams, M. M., & Hoek, H. W. (2016). Epidemiology of eating disorders in Latin America: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 29, 363–371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, L. T., Huang, H. Y., Huang, K. C., Chen, C. Y., & Lee, W. C. (2009). Age-period-cohort analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma mortality in Taiwan, 1976–2005. Annals of Epidemiology, 19, 323–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mistry, M., Parkin, D. M., Ahmad, A. S., & Sasieni, P. (2011). Cancer incidence in the United Kingdom: Projections to the year 2030. British Journal of Cancer, 105, 1795–1803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchison, D., Hay, P., Slewa-Younan, S., & Mond, J. (2014). The changing demographic profile of eating disorder behaviors in the community. BMC Public Health, 14, 943.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchison, D., & Mond, J. (2015). Epidemiology of eating disorders, eating disordered behaviour, and body image disturbance in males: A narrative review. Journal of Eating Disorders, 3, 20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, S. B., Nagata, J. M., Griffiths, S., Calzo, J. P., Brown, T. A., Mitchison, D., & Mond, J. M. (2017). The enigma of male eating disorders: A critical review and synthesis. Clinical Psychology Review, 57, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myers, T. A., & Crowther, J. H. (2009). Social comparison as a predictor of body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 683–698.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myers, L. L., & Wiman, A. M. (2014). Binge eating disorder: A review of a new DSM diagnosis. Research on Social Work Practice, 24, 86–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagata, J. M., Garber, A. K., Tabler, J. L., Murray, S. B., & Bibbins-Domingo, K. (2018). Prevalence and correlates of disordered eating behaviors among young adults with overweight or obesity. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 33, 1337–1343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Brien, K. M., Whelan, D. R., Sandler, D. P., & Weinberg, C. R. (2017). Eating disorders and breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 26, 206–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Osmond, C. (1985). Using age, period and cohort models to estimate future mortality rates. International Journal of Epidemiology, 14, 124–129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prince, R. (1985). The concept of culture-bound syndromes: Anorexia nervosa and brain-fag. Social Science & Medicine, 21, 197–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raevuori, A., Keski-Rahkonen, A., & Hoek, H. W. (2014). A review of eating disorders in males. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 27, 426–430.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, K. J., Mountford, V. A., & Sperlinger, D. J. (2013). Being men with eating disorders: Perspectives of male eating disorder service-users. Journal of Health Psychology, 18, 176–186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rohde, P., Stice, E., & Marti, C. N. (2015). Development and predictive effects of eating disorder risk factors during adolescence: Implications for prevention efforts. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48, 187–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singleton, C., Kenny, T. E., Hallett, D., & Carter, J. C. (2019). Depression partially mediated the association between binge eating disorder and health-related quality of life. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steinhausen, H. C., & Jensen, C. M. (2015). Time trends in lifetime incidence rates of first-time diagnosed anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa across 16 years in a Danish nationwide psychiatric registry study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48, 845–850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stice, E., Gau, J. M., Rohde, P., & Shaw, H. (2017). Risk factors that predict future onset of each DSM-5 eating disorder: Predictive specificity in high-risk adolescent females. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 38–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, J.G., Butryn, M.L., Stice, E, & Lowe, M.R. (2011). A prospective test of the relation between weight change and risk for bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 44, 295–303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Timko, C. A., DeFilipp, L., & Dakanalis, A. (2019). Sex differences in adolescent anorexia and bulimia nervosa: Beyond the signs and symptoms. Current Psychiatry Reports, 21, 1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tong, J., Miao, S., Wang, J., Yang, F., Lai, H., Zhang, C., & Hsu, L. K. (2014). A two-stage epidemiologic study on prevalence of eating disorders in female university students in Wuhan, China. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49, 499–505.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Treasure, J., Duarte, T. A., & Schmidt, U. (2020). Eating disorders. Lancet (London, England), 395, 899–911.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tseng, M. M., Tu, C. Y., Hsieh, S. F., & Chang, C. H. (2020). Rates and trends in healthcare-detected incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A national health insurance claim data study in Taiwan, 2002–2013. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53, 331–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wade, T. D., & O'Shea, A. (2015). DSM-5 unspecified feeding and eating disorders in adolescents: What do they look like and are they clinically significant? International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48, 367–374.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, Q., & Tapia Granados, J. A. (2019). Economic growth and mental health in 21st century China. Social Science & Medicine, 220, 387–395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westmoreland, P., Krantz, M. J., & Mehler, P. S. (2016). Medical complications of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. American Journal of Medicine, 129, 30–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiteford, H. A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A. J., Ferrari, A. J., Erskine, H. E., & Vos, T. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet (London, England), 382, 1575–1586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, Y., Schulhofer-Wohl, S., Fu, W. J. J., & Land, K. C. (2008). The intrinsic estimator for age-period-cohort analysis: What it is and how to use it. American Journal of Sociology, 113, 1697–1736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, M., Wang, H., Zeng, X., Yin, P., Zhu, J., Chen, W., & Liang, X. (2019). Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet (London, England), 394, 1145–1158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Wu et al. supplementary material

Wu et al. supplementary material

Download Wu et al. supplementary material(File)
File 486.2 KB