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Personality change associated with chronic diseases: pooled analysis of four prospective cohort studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 February 2014

M. Jokela ,
C. Hakulinen ,
A. Singh-Manoux  and
M. Kivimäki
M. Jokela*
Affiliation:
Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
C. Hakulinen
Affiliation:
Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
A. Singh-Manoux
Affiliation:
Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France
M. Kivimäki
Affiliation:
Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr M. Jokela, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Siltavuorenpenger 1A, PO Box 9, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

Common chronic conditions, such as heart disease and cancer, are associated with increased psychological distress, functional limitations and shortened life expectancy, but whether these diseases alter aspects of personality remains unclear.

Method

To examine whether the onset of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, arthritis and respiratory disease is associated with subsequent changes in personality traits of the five-factor model, we pooled data from the Health and Retirement Study, the Midlife in the United States Survey, and the graduate and sibling samples of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study for an individual-participant meta-analysis (total n = 17 493; mean age at baseline 55.8 years).

Results

After adjustment for age, we observed consistent decreases in extraversion [−0.25 T-scores per one disease; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.40 to −0.10], emotional stability (−0.40, 95% CI −0.61 to −0.19), conscientiousness (−0.44, 95% CI −0.57 to −0.30) and openness to experience (−0.25, 95% CI −0.37 to −0.13) but not in agreeableness (−0.05, 95% CI −0.19 to 0.08) after the onset of chronic diseases. The onset of each additional chronic disease accelerated the average age-related personality change by 2.5 years in decreasing extraversion, 5.5 years in decreasing conscientiousness, and 1.6 years in decreasing openness to experience, and attenuated the increasing levels of emotional stability by 1.9 years. Co-morbid conditions were associated with larger changes than single diseases, suggesting a dose–response association between morbidity and personality change.

Conclusions

These results support the hypothesis that chronic diseases influence personality development in adulthood.

Keywords

Chronic diseaselongitudinal studiesmeta-analysesmorbiditypersonality development
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 44 , Issue 12 , September 2014 , pp. 2629 - 2640
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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