Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T03:13:10.181Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Negative political campaigning

Evidence from the psychological literature: does it work?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Nicholas Beecroft*
Affiliation:
The Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

It seems to be increasingly taken for granted by politicians and commentators that it is more effective to attack one's opponent than to promote a positive vision in order to sway voters in an election campaign. This article examines the relevant evidence in the psychological literature to see if this belief is justified. This includes the evidence on information processing, emotion and the specific effects of negative campaigning.

Type
Psychiatry and the Media
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 The Royal College of Psychiatrists

References

Abelson, R. P., Kinder, D. R., Fiske, S. T., et al (1982) Affective and semantic components in political person perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 619630.Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1965) Averaging versus adding as a stimulus-combination rule in impression formation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 394400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fiske, S. T. (1980) Attention and weight in person perception: the impact of negative and extreme behaviour. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 889906.Google Scholar
Garramore, G. M. (1984) Voter response to negative political ads. Journalism Quarterly, 61, 250259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garramore, G. M. (1985) The effects of negative political advertising: the role of sponsor and rebuttal. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 29, 147159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, P. L. & Zanna, M. P. (1972). Differential weighting of favourable and unfavourable attributes in impression formation. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 6, 204212.Google Scholar
Hodges, B. H. (1974) Effect of valence on relative weighting in impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 378381.Google Scholar
Janis, I. L. & Terwilliger, R. F. (1962) An experimental study of psychological resistance to fear arousing communication. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65, 403410.Google Scholar
Pentony, J. F. (1995). The effect of negative political campaigning on voting, semantic differential and thought listing. Journal of Social Behaviour and Personality, 10, 631644.Google Scholar
Richey, M. H., McClelland, I. & Shimkunas, A. M. (1967) Relative influence of positive and negative information in impression formation and persistence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6, 322327.Google Scholar
Roddy, B. L. & Garramore, G. M. (1988) Appeals and strategies of negative political advertising. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 32, 415427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherif, M. & Sherif, C. W. (1967) Attitudes as the individual's own categories: the social judgement approach to attitude change. In Attitude, Ego Involvement and Change (Sherif, C. W. & Sherif, M.), pp. 105139. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Skowronski, J. J. & Carlston, D. E. (1989) Negativity and extremity biases in impression formation. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 131142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, C. J. (1975) Voter perception of mudslinging in political communication. Central States Speech Journal, 26, 279286.Google Scholar
Surlin, S. H. & Gordon, T. F. (1977) How values affect attitudes toward direct reference political advertising. Journalism Quarterly, 54, 8998.Google Scholar
Wyer, R. S. (1973) Category ratings for “Subjective expected values”: implications for attitude formation and change. Psychological Review, 80, 446467.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.