Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 February 2022
Consider the general form of the state of a quantum system, (eq. 1), where the are (non-degenerate) eigenvectors of an operator, A, corresponding to an observable, A. According to the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics (the precise details of which do not concern me here), A does not have a definite value on the system in the state . But now suppose we measure A by coupling the system to a measuring apparatus. The composite system is then (eq. 2) where the are the indicator-states of the apparatus. Again, the standard interpretation tells us that the apparatus is not in a definite indicator-state. But how can this be? Measurements do have definite results. The apparatus is always in a definite state.
I have just reviewed one version of the measurement problem. The modal interpretation of quantum mechanics proposes a solution.
Thanks to James Cushing for invaluable comments and discussion. Thanks also to Guido Bacciagaluppi, Dennis Dieks, and Meir Hemmo for their helpful remarks. Thanks to the University of Notre Dame and the Mellon Foundation for generous financial support while this work was being done.