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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 February 2022
The basic equations of the Special Theory of Relativity (STR) imply that no massive particle travelling at a velocity less than the velocity of light in vacuo (call that ‘c’) can be accelerated to a velocity either equal to or greater than c. For instance, the total energy E of a particle is given by the formula
(1)
where m is the rest mass of the particle and v its velocity in some given co-ordinate system (CS). One can choose units so that c = 1; hence for ordinary particles (|v| < 1) as v approaches 1, E grows without bound. That is, as a particle accelerates, its total energy increases and ever-increasing amounts of energy are required to accelerate it. So no ordinary particle (tardyon, bradyon) can be accelerated continuously from velocity v < 1 to velocity v = 1, much less to velocity v > 1.
I have had help from Paul Fitzgerald, R.I.G. Hughes, Arthur Millman, Howard Pfeffer, and Tom Settle, to whom I extend my thanks.