Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 February 2022
“Die Arbeit über formal unentscheidbare Sätze wurde wie ein Erdbeben empfunden; insbesondere auch von Carnap.” - - (Popper 1980).
“Kurt Gödel's achievement in modern logic … is a landmark which will remain visible far in space and time.” - - John von Neumann
It is natural to invoke geological metaphors to describe the impact and the lasting significance of Gödel's incompleteness theorems. Indeed, how better to convey the impact of those results - - whose effect on Hilbert's program was so devastating and whose philosophical reverberations have yet to subside - - than to speak of tremors and shock waves? The image of shaken foundations is irresistible.