Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T19:51:06.776Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Narratives of Africa in a Digital World: Kony 2012 and Student Perceptions of Conflict and Agency in Sub-Saharan Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2014

Megan Hershey
Affiliation:
Whitworth University
Michael Artime
Affiliation:
St. Martin’s University

Abstract

Kony 2012, a film released by the nonprofit Invisible Children in the spring of 2012, drew a flurry of Facebook “shares” and “likes.” However, critics expressed a concern that the film offered a distorted portrayal of Africans and African politics. In this article, we test these criticisms by asking what effects the film had on college students’ perceptions of Africa and Africans. To address this question, we draw on a survey and an experiment conducted at a small liberal arts college where Kony 2012 enjoyed popularity. The results show that the film did affect students’ perceptions of Africa; specifically, it led many to perceive Africans as lacking agency and autonomy. We argue that whereas the film did have initial negative effects on students’ perceptions of Africa, these effects seem to fade over time. Future research should explore the compounding effects of exposure to images that misrepresent the African continent.

Type
Features
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abbott, Jason. 2012. “[email protected] Revisited: Analyzing the Socio-Political Impact of the Internet and New Social Media in East Asia.” Third World Quarterly 33: 333–57.Google Scholar
Barrons, Genevieve. 2012. “‘Suleiman: Mubarak Decided to Step Down #Egypt #Jan25 OH MY GOD’: Examining the Use of Social Media in the 2011 Egyptian Revolution.” Contemporary Arab Affairs 5: 5467.Google Scholar
BBC News, Africa. 2013. “US Offers up to $5m for Leads on Uganda Warlord Kony.” April 3. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22017853 (accessed April 18, 2013).Google Scholar
Brown, Barbara B., Metzler, John, Root, Christine, and Vinck, Patrick. 2012. “React and Respond: The Phenomenon of Kony 2012 .” Outreach Council of the African Studies Association. http://concernedafricascholars.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Kony-React-Respond.pdf (accessed April 5, 2012).Google Scholar
Carroll, Rory. 2012. “ Kony 2012 Cover the Night Fails to Move from the Internet to the Streets.” The Guardian Online. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/apr/21/kony-2012-campaign-uganda-warlord (accessed April 24, 2013).Google Scholar
Choney, Suzanne. 2012. “How a 30-Minute Documentary Protesting an African Warlord Went Viral.” NBCNews.com, Technology Blog. http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/technolog/how-30-minute-documentary-protesting-african-warlord-went-viral-376214 (accessed April 5, 2013).Google Scholar
Cogburn, Derrick L., and Espinoza-Vasquez, Fatima K.. 2011. “From Networked Nominee to Networked Nation: Examining the Impact of Web 2.0 and Social Media on Political Participation and Civic Engagement in the 2008 Obama Campaign.” Journal of Political Marketing 10: 189213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, Teju. 2012. “The White-Savior Industrial Complex.” The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/03/the-white-savior-industrial-complex/254843 (accessed April 17, 2013).Google Scholar
Curtis, Polly, and McCarthy, Tom. 2012. “ Kony 2012: What Happens Next?The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/reality-check-with-polly-curtis/2012/apr/20/kony-2012-what-happens-next (accessed April 5, 2013).Google Scholar
Denskus, Tobias, and Esser, Daniel E.. 2013. “Social Media and Global Development Rituals: A Content Analysis of Blogs and Tweets on the 2010 MDG Summit.” Third World Quarterly 34: 405–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donck, Hans. 1996. “News Concerning Africa in Dutch Morning Papers.” Gazette 58: 103–16.Google Scholar
Drumbl, Mark A. 2012. “Child Soldiers and Clicktivism: Justice, Myths, and Prevention.” Journal of Human Rights Practice 4: 481–5.Google Scholar
Franch, Fabio. 2013. “(Wisdom of the Crowds)2: 2010 UK Election Prediction with Social Media.” Journal of Information Technology & Politics 10: 5771.Google Scholar
Goldsborough, Reid. 2011. “‘Slacktivism’ Is Becoming the New Activism.” Community College Week 23 (11): 13.Google Scholar
Gregory, Sam. 2012. “Kony 2012 through a Prism of Video Advocacy Practices and Trends.” Journal of Human Rights Practice 4: 16.Google Scholar
Hickman, David. 2012. “Jason and the Internauts.” Journal of Human Rights Practice 4: 475–80.Google Scholar
Hudson, John. 2012. “Admit It: Kony 2012 Is Making a Difference.” The Atlantic Wire. http://www.theatlanticwire.com/global/2012/05/its-official-kony-2012-making-difference/52818 (accessed April 18, 2013).Google Scholar
Kalyango, Yusuf Jr. 2011. “Critical Discourse Analysis of CNN International’s Coverage of Africa.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 55: 160–79.Google Scholar
Karlin, Beth, and Matthew, Richard A.. 2012. “ Kony 2012 and the Mediatization of Child Soldiers.” Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice 24: 255–61.Google Scholar
Kern-Foxworth, Marilyn. 1985. “The Effect of Advertising Stimuli on American Perception of Africa: A Descriptive Analysis.” Journal of Black Studies 16: 155–68.Google Scholar
MacNamara, Jim, Sakinofsky, Phyllis, and Beattie, Jenni. 2012. “E-electoral Engagement: How Governments Use Social Media to Engage Voters.” Australian Journal of Political Science 47: 623–39.Google Scholar
Magee, Carol. 2012. Africa in the American Imagination. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.Google Scholar
Makinen, Maarit, and Kuira, Mary Wangu. 2008. “Social Media and Postelection Crisis in Kenya.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 13: 328–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mamdani, Mahmood. 2012. “What Jason Didn’t Tell Gavin and His Army of Invisible Children.” Daily Monitor. http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/-/691232/1365090/-/view/printVersion/-/o9o8h9/-/index.html (accessed March 21, 2013).Google Scholar
Marmer, Dalia, Marmer, Elina, and Sow, Papa. 2011. “Racism and the Image of Africa in German Schools and Textbooks.” International Journal of Diversity in Organisations, Communities & Nations 10: 111.Google Scholar
Myers, Garth A. 2001. “Introductory Human Geography Textbook Representations of Africa.” Professional Geographer 53: 522–32.Google Scholar
Osunde, Egerton O., and Tlou, Josiah. 1996. “Persisting and Common Stereotypes in US Students’ Knowledge of Africa: A Study of Preservice Social Studies Teachers.” Social Studies 87 (3): 119–24.Google Scholar
Picazo-Vela, Sergio, Gutierrez-Martinez, Isis, and Luna-Reyes, Luis Felipe. 2012. “Understanding Risks, Benefits and Strategic Alternatives of Social Media Applications in the Public Sector.” Government Information Quarterly 29: 504–11.Google Scholar
Slater, David H., Keiko, Nishimura, and Kindstrand, Love. 2012. “Social Media, Information and Political Activism in Japan’s 3.11 Crisis.” Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus 24: 132.Google Scholar
Waldorf, Lars. 2012. “White Noise: Hearing the Disaster.” Journal of Human Rights Practice 4: 469–74.Google Scholar
Wall, Melissa. 2009. “Africa on YouTube: Musicians, Tourists, Missionaries and Aid Workers.” International Communication Gazette 71: 393407.Google Scholar
YouTube. Kony 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4MnpzG5Sqc (accessed April 5, 2013).Google Scholar
Zhang, Qi and Chan, James L.. 2013. “New Development: Fiscal Transparency in China – Government Policy and the Role of Social Media.” Public Money & Management 33 (1): 7175.Google Scholar