Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T08:13:54.688Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Spouses as Campaign Surrogates: Strategic Appearances by Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates' Wives in the 2004 Election

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

Susan A. MacManus
Affiliation:
University of South Florida, Tampa Campus
Andrew F. Quecan
Affiliation:
University of South Florida, Tampa Campus

Extract

It is clear from the presidential primary campaign that 2008 can legitimately be labeled “the year of the spouse as surrogate.” The sheer number of candidates on both sides of the aisle and the heavily front-loaded campaign season have made using the wives—and husband—of the candidates a “must.” Never before has media attention been so heavily focused on the spouses. In fact, they have often been an equal, or in some cases, bigger story than the candidates themselves. The same pattern will characterize the spouses of the vice presidential candidates. The bottom line is that use of presidential and vice presidential spouses has become an integral part of presidential campaigns. In this article, we detail how the Bush and Kerry camps strategically scheduled spouses in the final days of the campaign—from Labor Day until Election Day. We conclude with some thoughts about what to expect in 2008.

Type
FEATURES
Copyright
© 2008 The American Political Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ABC News. 2004. “The Note.” Political Unit, September 2–November 2.Google Scholar
The Associated Press. 2007. “Obama's Wife No Mere Coat Holder.” May 28.Google Scholar
Baer, Susan. 2004. “Candidates' Wives Didn't Use to Campaign This Early in the Election Year.” The Baltimore Sun, January 23. http://hnn.us/roundup/comments/3270.html (January 30, 2004).Google Scholar
Boller, Paul F. Jr. 1998. Presidential Wives: An Anecdotal History, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Broder, David, and Adam Nagourney. 2007. “Edwards Says Wife's Cancer Has Returned.” New York Times, March 23.Google Scholar
Burrell, Barbara C. 2001. Public Opinion, the First Ladyship, and Hillary Rodham Clinton. Rev. ed. New York: Garland.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campo-Flores, Arian. 2007. “Wife of the Preacher Man.” Newsweek, December 8. www.newsweek.com/id/74470/output/print.Google Scholar
Carlin, Diana B. 2005. “Lady Bird Johnson: The Making of a Public First Lady With Private Influence.” In Leading Ladies of The White House: Communication Strategies of Notable Twentieth-Century First Ladies, by Molly Meijer Wertheimer. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 7194.Google Scholar
Caroli, Betty Boyd. 2003. First Ladies: From Martha Washington to Laura Bush. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Carroll, Susan, and Richard Fox. 2006. Gender and Elections: Shaping the Future of American Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Clayton, John. 2007. “Elizabeth Edwards Charms the Queen City.” New Hampshire Union Leader, May 1.Google Scholar
Cook, Charles E. 2006. “Conclusion.” In Divided States of America: The Slash and Burn Politics of the 2004 Presidential Election, ed. Larry J. Sabato. New York: Longman, 27999.Google Scholar
Crowley, Candy. 2007. Transcripts. CNN Newsroom, March 22. http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0703/22/cnr.05.html.Google Scholar
Democratic Party. “Victory 2004 Florida Coordinated Campaign.” 2004. Florida Victory 2004 Plan.Google Scholar
Dillon, Tim. 2004. “On the Campaign Trail, Lynne Cheney Brings Out Her Husband's Softer Side.” USA Today. www.usatoday.com/news/politicselections/nation/president/2004-09-23-lynn-cheney_x.htm.Google Scholar
Dunlap, Leslie W. 1988. Our Vice-Presidents and Second Ladies. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, Inc.Google Scholar
Gibbons, Sheila. 2004. “Candidates' Wives Trivialized by Press.” Women's eNews, July 27. www.maynardije/org/columns/guests/040820_wives/.Google Scholar
Goldenberg, Suzanne. 2004. “Laura Bush, Stealth Weapon.” Salon, September 27. http://dir.salon.com/story/news/feature/2004/09/27/laura_bush/index.html.Google Scholar
Gould, Lewis L., ed. 2001. American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Grimes, Ann. 1990. Running Mates: The Making of a First Lady. New York: William Marrow & Co.Google Scholar
Gutin, Myra G. 1989. The President's Partner: The First Lady in the Twentieth Century. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Healy, Patrick. 2007. “Bill Clinton Ponders a Role as First Gentleman.” The New York Times, May 10. www.nytimes.com/2007/05/10/us/politics/10clinton.html?pagewanted=print.Google Scholar
Heith, Diane J. 2003. “The Lipstick Watch: Media Coverage, Gender, and Presidential Campaigns.” In Anticipating Madam President: The First Female Presidency, ed. Robert Watson and C. Ann Gordon. New York: Lynne Rienner, 12330.Google Scholar
King, David C., and David Morehouse. 2004. ”Moving Voters in the 2000 Presidential Campaign: Local Visits, Local Media.” In Lights, Camera, Campaign, ed. David Schultz. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Kurtz, Howard. 2004. “The Making of a Non-President.” The Washington Post, November 15, C01.Google Scholar
Lawrence, Jill. 2004. “2 Sides of Elizabeth Edwards: Candidate's Wife Earthy, Intellectual.” USA Today, July 12. www.usatoday.com/usatonline/20040712/6356797s.htm (July 12, 2004).Google Scholar
Loughlin, Sean. 2004. “Candidates' Wives Play Supporting Roles: They Balance Families, Careers and Spouse's Ambitions.” CNN, January 26. www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/01/26/elec04.prez.wives.index.html.Google Scholar
MacManus, Susan A. 2006. “It's a New Game: Examining Changes in Female Registration and Turnout Rates.” In Gender and Elections: Change and Continuity Through 2004, ed. Susan J. Carroll and Richard L. Fox. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mughan, Anthony, and Barry C. Burden. 1995. “The Candidates' Wives.” In Democracy's Feast: Elections in America, ed. Herbert F. Weisberg. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House Publishers.Google Scholar
O'Connor, Karen, Bernadette Nye, and Laura van Assendelft. 1996. “Wives in the White House: The Political Influence of the First Ladies.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 26 (Summer): 83553.Google Scholar
Ortiz, Vikki, and Jan Uebelherr. 2004. “Leading Ladies: Meet the Wives of Campaign 2004.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, July 19. www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4196/is_20040719/ai_n10977234/print.Google Scholar
Page, Susan. 2004. “Public Favors Traditional, Non-Working First Lady.” USA Today, October 19.Google Scholar
Pew Research Center for the People, and the Press. 2004. “Online News Audience Larger, More Diverse.” New release, June 8. http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/215.pdf.Google Scholar
Republican Party. 2004. Victory 2004 72-Hour Plan.Google Scholar
Rubin, Jennifer. 2007. “Exclusive: Cindy McCain's Straight Talk.” ABC News, May 25. www.abcnews.go.com/print?id=3213349.Google Scholar
Shaw, Daron R. 1999. “The Effect of TV Ads and Candidate Appearances on Statewide Presidential Votes, 1988–1996.” American Political Science Review 93 (June): 34561.Google Scholar
Sheehy, Gail. 2004. “Transforming Teresa.” Mother Jones (July/August). www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2004/07/07_400.html.Google Scholar
Swanson, Steven. 2004. “The High-Wire Act: Candidates' Wives Face the Seemingly Impossible Task of Meeting the Public's Widely Varied Expectations.” The Chicago Tribune, February 10. www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi0402100349feb10,1,3760768.story?coll=chi-newsnationworld-hed.Google Scholar
Troy, Gil. 2000. Mr. and Mrs. President: From the Trumans to the Clintons. 2nd ed. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.Google Scholar
Truman, Margaret. 1995. First Ladies: An Intimate Group Portrait of White House Wives. New York: Ballantine Books.Google Scholar
Watson, Robert P. 2000. The Presidents' Wives: Reassessing the Office of the First Lady. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publisher.Google Scholar
Watson, Robert P. 2006. “First Ladies and Their Influence on Politics, Policy, and the Presidency.” In Women in Politics: Outsiders or Insiders? 4th ed. ed. Lois Duke Whitaker. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice-Hall, 21025.Google Scholar
Watson, Robert P., and Anthony J. Eksterowicz. 2003. The Presidential Companion: Readings on the First Ladies. Columbia: The University of South Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Wertheimer, Molly Meijer, ed. 2005. Leading Ladies of The White House: Communication Strategies of Notable Twentieth-Century First Ladies. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar
Zernike, Kate, and John M. Broder. 2004. “War? Jobs? No, Character Counted Most to Voters.” The New York Times, November 4. wwww.nytimes.com/2004/1104/politics/campaign/04voices.html? (November 4, 2004).Google Scholar