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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 September 2014
The rôle played by the “free” (negative) electrons in metallic conductors as carriers of the electric current has formed the basis of theories developed by H. A. Lorentz, Sir J. J. Thomson, E. Riecke, and others, regarding the thermo-electromotive force. In these theories the free electrons are considered collectively as an ideal gas permeating the metal and subject to the usual gas laws. The kinetic theory of gases is then applied to the problem of the motion of the atoms of the electronic “gas,” and expressions for the thermo-E.M.F.—differing in the various instances by a constant multiplier only—are deduced.
page 169 note * Lorentz, , Proc. Amsterdam, vii. 585 (1905)Google Scholar, vii. 684 (1905); Arch. Néerl. (2) xx. 336 (1905).
page 169 note † Thomson, Corpuscular Theory of Matter, p. 73.
page 169 note ‡ Riecke, , Wied. Ann., lxvi. 353, 545, and 1199 (1898)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Ann. d. Phys. (4)ii. 835 (1900).
page 169 note § Krüger, , Phys. ZS., xi. 800 (1910).Google Scholar
page 169 note ║ Baedeker, , Phys. ZS., xi. 809 (1910)Google Scholar; Elektrische Erscheinungen in metallischen Leitern, p. 91.
page 170 note * Wilson, H. A., Phil. Trans., A, vol. ccii. 243 (1903).Google Scholar
page 170 note † “We shall use this term throughout, though more probably, Nernst's “pressure of solution” would convey the conception more clearly.
page 170 note ‡ P A<P>P B would be a more convenient assumption, as indicating evaporation out of A into the chamber and out of the chamber into B. It has been thought better to avoid such a particular case; in fact any assumption will do.
page 173 note * Kelvin, Math. and Phys. Papers, i., art. xlviii., part vi. p. 249.
page 173 note † Loc. cit., p. 805.
page 174 note * See, for example, J. J. § 93 (1903); Wilson, H. A., Elect. Props. of Flames and Incandescent Solids, p. 14 (1912)Google Scholar; Richardson, O. W.Phil. Trans., cci. 516 (1903)Google Scholar, Phys. ZS., v. 6 (1904).
page 175 note * Cf. Preston's Heat, p. 316 (1894 edition): “It has been suggested that … the molecular latent heat is proportional to the absolute temperature.”