1. On a New Formula for the Pressure of Earth Against a Retaining Wall

Extract

There are two main distinct methods of attacking the problem of the retaining wall. The first in chronological order is due to Coulomb, and is variously named, perhaps most commonly as the method of the Wedge of Least Eesistance. Briefly characterised, it might be said to depend upon the mathematical artifice of finding the resultant force due to the mutual action of the earth mass, and the wall a maximum, the earth being supposed to yield incipiently under the action of its weight, and in opposition to friction and the reaction in question, along an inclined plane determined so as to fulfil that imposed condition. Coulomb's method has been developed by various writers, and may be regarded as complete.