Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T08:37:04.228Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

I.—Siphonophora in the Plankton to the North and West of the British Isles*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 June 2012

J. H. Fraser
Affiliation:
Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen.
Get access

Synopsis

The distribution of about thirty species of warm water siphonophores over the period 1947–1964 to the north-west and north of the British Isles is used to give a generalized picture of the path of the Lusitanian stream. These species, which originate much further south, are relatively intolerent to change of environment and the distances they are carried can be associated with the degree of inflow on a yearly and seasonal basis.

Grouping the findings into four series of years over the 18 year period shows an increase in their northerly distribution from 1947 reaching a maximum in 1953 and 1954. This has since been maintained, with annual variations, at least until 1963. It is hoped that the data presented here can be used when comparing future studies of climatic change with the distribution of water masses.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1967

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References to Literature

Barnes, B. I., 1961. “Contribution towards a plankton atlas of the north-eastern Atlantic and the North Sea. IV: Thaliacea”, Bull. Mar. Ecol., 5, 102104.Google Scholar
Beverton, R. J. H. and Lee, A. J., 1965. “Hydrographic fluctuations in the North Atlantic Ocean and some biological consequences”. In: “The Biological significance of climate changes in Britain”, Inst. Biol. Symp., 14, 222 pp. Lond. Acad. Press.Google Scholar
Bigelow, H. B., 1911. “Biscayan plankton collected during a cruise of H.M.S. Research, 1900. Pt. XIII, Siphonophora”, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.), 10, 337358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bigelow, H. B., 1918. “Some Medusae and Siphonophorae from the western Atlantic”, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., 62, 363442.Google Scholar
Bigelow, H. B. and Sears, M., 1937. “Siphonophorae”, Rep. Dan. Oceanogr. Exped. Medit., 2, H. 2, 1444.Google Scholar
Blacker, R. W., 1957. “Benthic animals as indicators of hydrographic conditions and climate change in Svalbard waters”, Fishery Invest., Lond., Ser. 2, 20 (10), 49 pp.Google Scholar
Brown, P. R., 1953. “Climatic fluctuation in the Greenland and Norwegian Seas”, Q. Jl Roy. Met. Soc., 79, 272281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colebrook, J. M., John, D. E. and Brown, W. W., 1961. “Contribution towards a plankton atlas of the north-eastern Atlantic and the North Sea. II: Copepoda”, Bull. Mar. Ecol., 5, 9097.Google Scholar
Cooper, L. H. N., 1955. “Hypotheses connecting fluctuations in Arctic climate with biological productivity of the English Channel”, Pap. Mar. Biol. Oceanogr., Deep Sea Res., Supp., 3, 212223.Google Scholar
Dietrich, G., 1957. Allgemeine Meerskunde. 223 pp. Borntraeger, G., Berlin: Nikolasse.Google Scholar
Dunbar, M. J., 1954. “A note on climate change in the sea”, Arctic, 7, 2730; Stud. Stns Fish. Res. Bd Can., 379A.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, C., 1959. “Occurrence of the Chondrophore Velella velella (L) on Western Scottish coasts”, Glasg. Nat., 18, 7881.Google Scholar
Einarsson, H., 1954. “On the origin and dispersal of Icelandic fish population with special regard to the herring”, Náttúrufroedingurinn, 24, 6091.Google Scholar
Fraser, J. H., 1952. “The Chaetognatha and other zooplankton of the Scottish area and their value as biological indicators of hydrographic conditions”, Mar. Res., 1952 (2), 52 pp.Google Scholar
Fraser, J. H., 1955. “The plankton approaching the British Isles in 1953”, Mar. Res., 1955 (1), 12 pp.Google Scholar
Fraser, J. H., 1958. “The drift of the planktonic stages of fish in the north-east Atlantic and its possible significance to the stocks of commercial fish”, Spec. Publs Int. Commn NW. Atlant. Fish., I, 289310.Google Scholar
Fraser, J. H., 1961. “The oceanic and bathypelagic plankton of the north-east Atlantic”, Mar. Res., 1961 (4), 48 pp.Google Scholar
Fraser, J. H., 1965. “Zooplankton indicator species in the North Sea”, Ser. Atlas Mar. Envir., Amer. Geog. Soc, 8 (1).Google Scholar
Goedecke, E., 1952. “Das Verhalten der Oberflächentemperaturur in der deutschen Bucht während der Jahre 1872–1950 und der Zussamenhaug mit dem nordwest Europäischen Meere”, Ber. Dt. Wiss. Kommn Meeresforsch., 13 (1), 131.Google Scholar
Haeckel, E., 1888. “Report on the Siphonophorae”, Rep. Sci. Res. Voy. ‘Challenger’ Zool. 28, 1380.Google Scholar
Henderson, G. T. D., 1961. “Contribution towards a plankton atlas of the north-eastern Atlantic and the North Sea. V: Young fish”, Bull. Mar. Ecol., 5, 105111.Google Scholar
Hermann, F. and Thomsen, H., 1946. “Drift-bottle experiments in the northern North Atlantic”, Meddr. Kommn Havunders. Serie Hydrogr., 3, 187.Google Scholar
Hyman, L. H., 1940. The Invertebrates; Protozoa through Ctenophora. 726 pp. New York and London: McGraw Hill Inc.Google Scholar
Kinzer, J., 1965. “Untersuchungen über das Makroplankton bei Ischia und Capri und im Golf von Naepel im Mai 1962”, Pubbl. Staz. Zool. Napoli, 34. 247255.Google Scholar
Kramp, P. L., 1939. “Medusae, Siphonophora and Ctenophora”, Zool. Iceland, 2 (5b), 37 pp.Google Scholar
Leloup, E., 1933. “Siphonophores Calycophorides provenant des campagnes du Prince Albert Ier de Monaco”, Résult. Camp. Sclent. Prince Albert I, 87, 167.Google Scholar
Martin, J. H. A., 1966. “The bottom waters of the Faroe-Shetland Channel”, in Some contemporary studies in marine science. (Barnes, H., ed.), 469478. London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Mauchline, J., 1965. “Wandering Euphausids”, Limnol. Oceanog., 10 (2), 300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, G. A., 1961. “Contribution toward a plankton atlas of the northwestern Atlantic and the North Sea. 1: Phytoplankton “, Bull. Mar. Ecol., 5, 8189.Google Scholar
Russell, F. S., 1934. “On the occurrence of the siphonophores Muggiaea atlantica (Cunningham) and M. kochi (Will) in the English Channel”, J. Mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 21, 743746.Google Scholar
Smed, J., 19491964. “Monthly anomalies of the surface temperatures of the northeastern Atlantic”, Annls Biol., Copenh., 5–19.Google Scholar
Tait, J. B., 1957. “Hydrography of the Faroe-Shetland Channel 1927–1952”, Mar. Res., 1957 (2), 309 pp.Google Scholar
Tait, J. B. and Martin, J. H. A., 1965. “Inferential biological effects of longterm hydrographical trends from investigations in the Faroe-Shetland Channel”, Spec. Publs Int. Commn NW. Atlant. Fish., 6, 855858.Google Scholar
Totton, A. K., 1941. “New species of the siphonophoran genus Lensia Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 8, 145168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Totton, A. K., 1954. “Siphonophora of the Indian Ocean together with systematic and biological notes on related specimens from other oceans “, ‘Discovery’ Rep., 27, 162 pp.Google Scholar
Totton, A. K., 1965. A Synopsis of the Siphonophora. 230 pp. Brit. Museum (Nat. Hist.), London.Google Scholar
Totton, A. K. and Fraser, J. H., 19561957. “Siphonophora”, Fich. Ident. Zooplancton, 55–62.Google Scholar
Tulloch, D. S. and Tait, J. B., 1959. “Hydrography of the north-western approaches to the British Isles”, Mar. Res., 1959 (1), 32 pp.Google Scholar
Wiborg, K. F., 1955. “Zooplankton in relation to hydrography in the Norwegian Sea”, FiskDir. Skr., Serie Hauunders., 11, 556.Google Scholar
Wiborg, K. F., 1960. “Investigations on zooplankton in Norwegian waters and in the Norwegian Sea during 1957–58“, FiskDir. Skr., Serie Hauunders., 12, 19 pp.Google Scholar