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Tempo of a Mega-henge: A New Chronology for Mount Pleasant, Dorchester, Dorset

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 August 2020

Susan Greaney ,
Zoë Hazell ,
Alistair Barclay ,
Christopher Bronk Ramsey ,
Elaine Dunbar ,
Irka Hajdas ,
Paula Reimer ,
Joshua Pollard ,
Niall Sharples  and
Peter Marshall
Susan Greaney
Affiliation:
School of History, Archaeology & Religion, Cardiff University, John Percival Building, Column Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK. Email: [email protected]
Zoë Hazell
Affiliation:
Historic England, Fort Cumberland, Fort Cumberland Road, Portsmouth, HampshirePO4 9LD, UK
Alistair Barclay
Affiliation:
Cotswold Archaeology, Building 11, Kemble Enterprise Park, Kemble, CirencesterGL7 6BQ, UK
Christopher Bronk Ramsey
Affiliation:
Research Laboratory for Archaeology & the History of Art, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK
Elaine Dunbar
Affiliation:
Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, UK
Irka Hajdas
Affiliation:
Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093Zurich, Switzerland
Paula Reimer
Affiliation:
14CHRONO Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, 42 Fitzwilliam Street, Belfast, BT9 6AX, UK
Joshua Pollard
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, University Road, SouthamptonSO17 1BJ, UK
Niall Sharples
Affiliation:
School of History, Archaeology & Religion, Cardiff University, John Percival Building, Column Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK. Email: [email protected]
Peter Marshall
Affiliation:
Historic England, Cannon Bridge House, 25 Dowgate Hill, London, EC4R 2YA, UK
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Abstract

Radiocarbon dating and Bayesian chronological modelling have provided precise new dating for the henge monument of Mount Pleasant in Dorset, excavated in 1970–1. A total of 59 radiocarbon dates are now available for the site and modelling of these has provided a revised sequence for the henge enclosure and its various constituent parts: the timber palisaded enclosure, the Conquer Barrow, and the ditch surrounding Site IV, a concentric timber and stone monument. This suggests that the henge was probably built in the 26th century cal bc, shortly followed by the timber palisade and Site IV ditch. These major construction events took place in the late Neolithic over a relatively short timespan, probably lasting 35–125 years. The principal results are discussed for each element of the site, including comparison with similar monument types elsewhere in Britain and Ireland, and wider implications for late Neolithic connections and later activity at the site associated with Beaker pottery are explored.

Résumé

RÉSUMÉ

Tempo d’une ‘mega-henge’: nouvelle chronologie pour Mount Pleasant, Dorchester, Dorset, de Susan Greaney, Zoë Hazell, Alistair Barclay, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Elaine Dunbar, Irka Hajdas, Paula Reimer, Joshua Pollard, Niall Sharples, et Peter Marshall

Une datation au C14 et unmodèle chronolgique bayesien ont fourni une nouvelle datation précise pour le henge de Mount Pleasant dans le Dorset fouillé dans les années 1970–1971. Un total de 59 datations au C14 sont maintenant disponibles pour ce site et une modélisation a fourni une séquence révisée pour l’enclos du monument et ses diverses parties constituantes, l’enclos à palissade de bois, le Conquer Barrow et le fossé qui entoure le site VI, un monument concentrique en bois et pierre Cela donne à penser que l’enceinte fut probablement construite au 26ième siècle cal av. J.-C., suivie peu après par la palissade bois et le fossé du site VI. Ces épisodes de construction majeurs eurent lieu pendant un espace de temps relativement court qui a duré 100–175 ans. Les principaux résultats pour chaque élément du site sont discutés, y compris une comparaison avec des types de monuments similaires ailleurs en Grande-Bretagne et en Irlande, et les implications plus étendues pour les es liens avec le Néolithique final et les activités ultérieures sur le site assossiées à la poterie des peuples à les goblets campaniformes sont explorées

Zusammenfassung

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Zeit eines Mega-Henges: Eine neue Chronologie für Mount Pleasant, Dorchester, Dorset, von Susan Greaney, Zoë Hazell, Alistair Barclay, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Elaine Dunbar, Irka Hajdas, Paula Reimer, Joshua Pollard, Niall Sharples, und Peter Marshall

Radiokarbondatierungen und Bayesianische Modellierung haben exakte neue Datierungen für das Henge-Monument von Mount Pleasant in Dorset geliefert, das in den Jahren 1970 bis 1971 ausgegraben wurde. Insgesamt stehen 59 C14-Daten zur Verfügung, deren Modellierung die zeitliche Abfolge für die Anlage und ihre verschiedenen Teile revidiert: für die hölzerne Palisadeneinfassung, Conquer Barrow, den Graben um Site IV, ein konzentrisches Holzmonument und ein Steinmonument. Dies legt nahe, dass der Henge vermutlich im 26. Jahrhundert cal bc errichtet wurde, bald gefolgt von der Holzpalisade und dem Graben um Site IV. Diese hauptsächlichen Baumaßnahmen wurden im Spätneolithikum im Verlauf einer relativ kurzen Zeitspanne durchgeführt, die vermutlich 100 bis 175 Jahre dauerte. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse werden für jedes Element der Anlage diskutiert und mit ähnlichen Typen von Monumenten in Großbritannien und Irland verglichen, und die weiteren Implikationen für die spätneolithischen Verbindungen und spätere Aktivitäten an diesem Ort, die mit der Beaker Pottery verknüpft sind, werden untersucht.

Resumen

RESUMEN

Tiempo de un mega-henge: una nueva cronología para Mount Pleasant, Dorchester, Dorset, por Susan Greaney, Zoë Hazell, Alistair Barclay, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Elaine Dunbar, Irka Hajdas, Paula Reimer, Joshua Pollard, Niall Sharples, y Peter Marshall

Las dataciones radiocarbónicas y la modelización cronológica bayesiana ha aportado una nueva cronología para el henge de Mount Pleasant en Dorset, excavado entre 1970–1971. Actualmente se dispone de un total de 59 dataciones de radiocarbono y su modelización ha permitido revisar la secuencia para el recinto y las distintas partes constituyentes: la empalizada de madera, Conquer Barrow, y la zanja que rodea el Sitio IV, un monumento concéntrico de piedra y madera. Esto sugiere que el henge fue probablemente construido en el siglo XXVI cal bc, seguido por la empalizada de madera y la zanja del sitio IV. Estos relevantes eventos tuvieron lugar en el Neolítico final en un período relativamente corto de tiempo, probablemente 100–175 años. Se discuten los principales resultados para cada elemento constructivo, incluyendo una comparación con los monumentos similares en otros lugares de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda y se exploran las amplias implicaciones para las conexiones durante el Neolítico final y la actividad posterior en el sitio asociada con la cerámica campaniforme.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 86 , December 2020 , pp. 199 - 236
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Prehistoric Society

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