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A Petrographic Investigation of a Corpus of Bronze Age Cinerary Urns from the Isle of Anglesey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2014

John Williams
Affiliation:
University of Wales, Bangor
David Jenkins
Affiliation:
University of Wales, Bangor

Abstract

The results are presented of a comprehensive petrographic study of 82 Bronze Age cinerary vessels from the Isle of Anglesey, Wales. Petrographic analysis is particularly appropriate when applied to this island location with its diverse and well defined geology. The pottery is characterised by a distinctive range of clasts, of which the most characteristic are varieties of igneous rocks and sandstone. The clasts can be matched to outcrops on the island with one exception which could have been derived from a known mainland source. The particular rock types seen in the pottery are not common in the island's alluvial and glacial sediments and it is therefore concluded that the potters showed a strong preference for specific dark coloured igneous rock types as added filler, in common with other Bronze Age potters in Britain. Although typology implies some extraneous influences, petrography indicates that the pottery was made on the island. However, despite the varied geology, the widespread distribution of many of the crucial rock types (dolerites, lithic sandstones) across the island means that individual production centres cannot be distinguished, a difficulty exacerbated by the lack of known habitation sites and associated domestic pottery. The question as to whether specifically designed pottery or redundant domestic pottery was used for burials is discussed, but remains unresolved.

Résumé

On présente les résultats d'une étude pétrographique compréhensive de quatre-vingt-deux urnes funéraires de l'âge du bronze de l'île d'Anglesey, Pays de Galles. L'application de l'analyse pétrographique est particulièrement appropriée à la situation de cette île avec sa géologie variée et bien définie. La céramique est caractérisée par une gamme particulière de roches clastiques, dont les plus caractéristiques sont des variétés de roches pyrogènes et de grès. On peut faire le lien entre ces roches clastiques et des affleurements rocheux dans l'île à une exception près qui aurait pu provenir d'une source connue sur la terre ferme. Les types de roches spécifiques utilisés dans la céramique ne sont pas fréquents dans les sédiments alluviaux et glaciaires de l'île, on en conclut donc que les potiers avaient une forte prédilection pour ces types de roches ignées particulières, de couleur foncée, et les utilisaient comme remplissage ajouté, ce que faisaient également les autres potiers de l'âge du bronze en Grande-Bretagne. Bien que la typologie implique des influences externes, la pétrographie indique que la céramique était, fabriquée sur l'île. Cependant, malgré la diversité de la géologie, le fait que beaucoup de types de roches cruciales (dolérites, grès lithique) se trouvaient réparties en abondance partout dans l'île signifie qu'on ne peut pas distinguer de centres de production individuels, une diffculté exacerbée par l'absence de sites d'habitation connus et de céramique domestique associée. On examine la question de savoir si on utilisait pour les sépultures de la poterie fabriquée à cet effet ou de la poterie domestique non utilisée, mais le problème reste entier.

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer umfassenden petrographischen Studie von 82 bronzezeitlichen Aschengefäßen von der Isle of Anglesey, Wales, präsentiert. Die petrographische Analyse ist besonders gut geeignet für die Anwendung auf diese Insellage mit ihrer verschiedenartigen und gut definierten Geologie. Die Töpferware ist durch eine kennzeichnende Anzahl von Geröll charakterisiert, von dem die typischen die Variationen von örtlich anstehendem Fels und Sandstein stammen. Das Geröll kann mit den Felsvorsprüngen auf der Insel in Zusammenhang gebracht werden. Es scheint nur eine Ausnahme zu geben, die von einer bekannten Festlandquelle herstammen könnte. Die besonderen Feisarren dieser Töpferware sind nicht häufig in den alluvialen und glazialen Sedimente der Insel, und es wird deshalb gefolgert, dass die Töpfer eine starke Vorliebe für das spezifische schwarz gefärbte Eruptivgestein zur Magerung zeigten, was sie mit anderen bronzezeitlichen Töpfern Großbritanniens verbindet. Obwohl die Typologie einige fremden Einflüsse impliziert, weist die Petrographie darauf hin, dass die Töpferware auf der Insel hergestellt worden ist. Aber trotz einer verschiedenartigen Geologie bedeutet die weitverbreitete Verteilung von vielen wichtigen Felsarten (Dolerite, lithische Sandsteine) über die Insel hinweg, dass keine individuellen Produktionszentren unterschieden werden können, eine Schwierigkeit, die durch den Mangel an bekannten Siedlungsstellen und assoziierter Siedlungskeramik verschärft wird. Die Frage, ob speziell gestaltete Töpferware oder redundante Hausware für die Gräber benutzt wurde, wird zwar diskutiert, bleibt jedoch offen.

Résumen

El artículo presenta los resultados de un exhaustivo estudio petrográfico de 82 vasos cinerarios de la Edad del Broce procedentes de la Isla de Anglesey, Gales. El análisis petrográfico es particularmente apto cuando se aplica a este emplazamiento en una isla con su diversa y bien definida geología. La cerámica esrá caracterizada por una serie de marcas perxográficas bien definidas, de los cuales las más características son las variedades de roca ignea y arenisca. Estas pueden ser cotejadas con afloramientos de roca en la isla, con una excepción que puede haberse derivado de una fuente bien conocida en Gales. Los tipos específicos de roca vistos en la cerámica no son comunes en los sedimentos aluviales y glaciales de la isla, y por tanto, se puede concluir que los alfareros demostraron una marcada preferencia por tipos de roca ignea de color oscuro para utilizarlos como relleno, en común con lo practicado por otros alfareros de la Edad del Bronce en Gran Bretaña. Aunque la tipología sugiere algunas influencias del exterior, la petrografía indica que la cerámica fue producida en la isla. Sin embargo, a pesar de la variada geología, la amplia distribución de muchos de los tipos de roca cruciales (dolerita, arenisca lítica) a través de toda la isla, no nos permite distinguir los centros individuales de producción, una dificulrad exacerbada por la falta de poblados conocidos y de la cerámica de uso doméstico asociada con estos. El artículo debate de modo inconcluso sí para los enterramientos se utilizaba cerámica especialmente diseñada ó cerámica doméstica superflua.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1999

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