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Dates, Diet, and Dismemberment: Evidence from the Coldrum Megalithic Monument, Kent

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2013

Michael Wysocki ,
Seren Griffiths ,
Robert Hedges ,
Alex Bayliss ,
Tom Higham ,
Yolanda Fernandez-Jalvo  and
Alasdair Whittle
Michael Wysocki
Affiliation:
School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
Seren Griffiths
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology and Conservation, Cardiff University, John Percival Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK
Robert Hedges
Affiliation:
Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
Alex Bayliss
Affiliation:
English Heritage, 1 Waterhouse Square, 138–42 Holborn, London, EC1N 2ST, UK
Tom Higham
Affiliation:
Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
Yolanda Fernandez-Jalvo
Affiliation:
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
Alasdair Whittle
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology and Conservation, Cardiff University, John Percival Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK
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Abstract

We present radiocarbon dates, stable isotope data, and osteological analysis of the remains of a minimum of 17 individuals deposited in the western part of the burial chamber at Coldrum, Kent. This is one of the Medway group of megalithic monuments – sites with shared architectural motifs and no very close parallels elsewhere in Britain – whose location has been seen as important in terms of the origins of Neolithic material culture and practices in Britain. The osteological analysis identified the largest assemblage of cut-marked human bone yet reported from a British early Neolithic chambered tomb; these modifications were probably undertaken as part of burial practices. The stable isotope dataset shows very enriched δ15N values, the causes of which are not entirely clear, but could include consumption of freshwater fish resources. Bayesian statistical modelling of the radiocarbon dates demonstrates that Coldrum is an early example of a British Neolithic burial monument, though the tomb was perhaps not part of the earliest Neolithic evidence in the Greater Thames Estuary. The site was probably initiated after the first appearance of other early Neolithic regional phenomena including an inhumation burial, early Neolithic pottery and a characteristic early Neolithic post-and-slot structure, and perhaps of Neolithic flint extraction in the Sussex mines. Coldrum is the only site in the Medway monument group to have samples which have been radiocarbon dated, and is important both for regional studies of the early Neolithic and wider narratives of the processes, timing, and tempo of Neolithisation across Britain

Résumé

Dates, nutrition et démembrement: témoignages du monument mégalithique de Coldrum, Kent, de Michael Wysocki, Seren Griffiths, Robert Hedges, Alex Bayliss, Tom Higham, Yolanda Fernandez-Jalvo et Alasdair Whittle

Nous présentons ici des données radiocarbone et d'isotopes stables et des analyses ostéologiques des restes d'un minimum de 17 individus déposés dans la partie ouest de la chambre funéraire de Coldrum, Kent. Coldrum fait partie du groupe de monuments néolithiques de Medway, des sites qui ont en commun des motifs architecturaux et n'ont pas de proche parallèle ailleurs en Grande-Bretagne. On a considéré que leur emplacement dans le Kent était important en matière d'origines de la culture et des pratiques matérielles néolithiques en Grande-Bretagne. L'analyse ostéologique a identifié le plus important assemblage d'ossements humains portant des traces de coupure répertorié jusqu'alors d'un monument funéraire du néolithique ancien dans le sud de la Grande-Bretagne, ces modifications avaient probablement été exécutées dans le cadre de pratiques funéraires néolithiques. L'ensemble des données d'isotopes stables montre des valeurs de δ15N très enrichies dont les causes ne sont pas tout à fait claires, mais pourraient comprendre la consommation des ressources en poissons d'eau douce. Le modèle statistique bayesien des datations au radiocarbone disponibles démontre que Coldrum est un exemple ancien de monument funéraire néolithique en Grande-Bretagne, bien que ce monument n'ait peut-être pas fait partie des plus anciens vestiges néolithiques du Grand Estuaire de la Tamise. Ce site fut probablement utilisé pour la première fois après l'apparition initiale d'autres vestiges régionaux du néolithique ancien, y compris une sépulture à inhumation, de la céramique du néolithique ancien, une structure à poteaux et encoches caractéristique du néolithique ancien et l'extraction de silex néolithique dans les mines du Sussex. Coldrum est le seul site du groupe des monuments de Medway dont des échantillons ont été datés au carbone 14, et il est important à la fois pour les études régionales du néolithique et les narrations plus étendues des procédés, du temps et du tempo de la néolithisation de la Grande-Bretagne

Zussamenfassung

Daten, Diät, Disartikulation: Neue Beobachtungen zum Megalithen von Coldrum, Kent, von Michael Wysocki, Seren Griffiths, Robert Hedges, Alex Bayliss, Tom Higham, Yolanda Fernandez-Jalvo und Alasdair Whittle

Dieser Beitrag präsentiert Daten aus Radiokarbon- und Isotopenuntersuchungen sowie osteologische Analysen von den Überresten von mindestens 17 Individuen, die im westlichen Teil der Grabkammer von Coldrum, Kent, deponiert worden waren. Coldrum ist eine Megalithanlage aus der neolithischen Medway Gruppe, einer Reihe von Monumenten mit gleichartigen architektonischen Merkmalen und ohne nennenswerte Parallelen im Rest Großbritanniens. Ihre Positionierung in Kent wurde als bedeutsam für die Ursprünge der neolithischen materiellen Kultur und Lebensweise in Großbritannien erachtet. Die osteologische Analyse erbrachte die umfangreichste Anzahl an menschlichen Knochen mit Schnittspuren, die je in einem südbritischen frühneolithischen Grabmonument beobachtet wurde; diese Eingriffe in den menschlichen Körper wurden vermutlich als Teil neolithischer Bestattungssitten vorgenommen. Die Datenserien zu stabilen Isotopen zeigen sehr hohe δ15N-Werte; die Gründe hierfür sind nicht völlig klar, doch könnten sie in der Konsumption von Ressourcen von Süßwasserfischen liegen. Bayes'sche statistische Berechnungen der vorhandenen Radiokarbondaten zeigen, dass Coldrum ein frühes Beispiel eines neolithischen Grabmonuments in Großbritannien ist, auch wenn das Grab vielleicht nicht zu den Belegen des ältesten Neolithikums im Themsemündungsgebiet gehört. Der Fundort wurde vermutlich zum ersten Mal nach dem ersten Auftauchen anderer frühneolithischer regionaler Erscheinungen genutzt, zu denen auch ein Körpergrab, frühneolithische Keramik, eine charakteristische frühneolithische Pfosten-und-Schlitz-Struktur und neolithischer Flintabbau in den Minen von Sussex gehören. Coldrum ist der einzige Ort innerhalb der Medway Gruppe, der Proben erbrachte, die C14 datiert werden konnten, weshalb er bedeutsam ist für sowohl regionale Untersuchungen zum Neolithikum als auch generelle Studien zum Vorgang, zeitlichen Ablauf und Tempo der Neolithisierung Großbritanniens

Resumen

Dataciones, dieta y desmembramiento: evidencia del monumento megalítico de Coldrum, Kent, por Michael Wysocki, Seren Griffiths, Robert Hedges, Alex Bayliss, Tom Higham, Yolanda Fernandez-Jalvo y Alasdair Whittle

Se presentan las dataciones de radiocarbono, los datos de isótopos estables y los análisis osteológicos de los restos de un mínimo de 17 individuos depositados en la parte oeste de la cámara funeraria de Coldrum, Kent. Coldrum es uno de los monumentos megalíticos del conjunto de monumentos neolíticos de Medway – sitios que comparten motivos arquitectónicos y sin otros ejemplos similares en el resto de Gran Bretaña. Su situación en Kent se ha considerado especialmente relevante en relación con los orígenes de la cultura material y de las prácticas neolíticas en Gran Bretaña. El análisis osteológico identificó el mayor conjunto de restos humanos con marcas de corte procedente de un monumento funerario del Neolítico inicial en el sur de Gran Bretaña; estas modificaciones fueron probablemente llevadas a cabo como parte de las prácticas funerarias neolíticas. Los datos de los isótopos estables reflejan valores muy elevados de δ15N, cuyas causas no están muy claras, aunque podría deberse al consumo de peces de agua dulce. El modelo estadístico bayesiano de las dataciones de radiocarbono disponibles demuestra que Coldrum es un ejemplo muy temprano de un monumento funerario Neolítico en Gran Bretaña, aunque el monumento quizás no forme parte de las primeras evidencias neolíticas en el Gran Estuario del Támesis. Probablemente se inició el uso de este sitio tras la aparición de otras evidencias anteriores del Neolítico inicial, incluyendo una inhumación, cerámica del Neolítico antiguo, una estructura de postes característica del Neolítico inicial, y la extracción neolítica de sílex en las minas de Sussex. Coldrum es el único sitio del grupo de monumentos Medway que tiene muestras datadas por radiocarbono, y es importante tanto para los estudios regionales sobre Neolítico como para estudios más amplios de los procesos, duración y ritmo de la Neolitización en Gran Bretaña

Keywords

early Neolithicmegalithic monumenthuman remainsradiocarbon datesBayesian statisticscut-marks
Type
Articles
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 79 , December 2013 , pp. 61 - 90
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Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 2013 

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