Low vitamin B12 (cobalamin) status is a common finding among the elderly with estimates of those affected ranging from 5–40 %, depending on the marker of measurement(Reference Morris, Jacques and Rosenberg1). The consequences of a deficient state include the development of megalobalstic anaemia, demyelinating neurological disease/paresthesias and the potential for impaired immune and bone functionality(Reference Stabler2). Inadequate vitamin D status is also a major concern within this population sub-group, particularly in countries at far latitudes such as Ireland (52–55°N) where dermal synthesis is seasonal and highly dependent on local climate conditions(Reference Laird, Ward and McSorley3). To-date, no large scale representative population studies have examined the status of these micronutrients in older Irish adults.
Samples for the current study were from the Trinity Irish Longitudinal Ageing Study (TILDA). The TILDA study is a nationally representative sample of >8,000 older adults aged 50 y and over, resident in Ireland, aimed at investigating the health, social and economic status and needs of older adults and the biological and environmental components of successful ageing. Blood samples were provided from participants in Wave 1 of the TILDA study and analysed for concentrations of vitamin B12 (total plasma cobalamin) (n 5,454) by microbiological assay (colistin resistant L. Delbreuckii). Deficient vitamin B12 status was defined as <148, insufficient as 148–185 and adequate as >185 pmol/L(Reference Bailey, Carmel and Green4). Vitamin D (serum 25(OH)D) concentrations (n 4,387) were measured by LC-MS/MS with deficiency defined as <30, insufficient as 30–50 and adequate as >50 nmol/L(5). For vitamin D status investigations, summer period was defined as the months of March-September while winter period was defined as the months October-February.
Overall, 10·6 % of the population sample had either deficient or inadequate vitamin B12 status. Median total cobalamin concentrations were significantly higher in females (330·28 pmol/L) compared with males (308·4 pmol/L) (P<0·05), and concentrations decreased significantly with increasing age decade (50–59, 60–69,70–79, >80yrs) (P<0·05). Overall, 15·3 % of the cohort was vitamin D deficient while 31·6 % had insufficient status. Median 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly higher in females (52·7 nmol/L) compared with males (46·3 nmol/L), but only for the winter period (P < 0·05). Similar to vitamin B12, concentrations of 25(OH)D significantly decreased with increasing age decade (both in summer and winter) (P < 0·05).
These preliminary findings provide new data on the micronutrient status of older Irish adults and will be useful for informing public healthcare planning and policy. Furthermore, the addition of these biomarkers into the TILDA dataset will allow for future in-depth exploration of the relationships between health, nutrition, chronic disease and healthy ageing.
Acknowledgement of Funding
Funding to conduct this work was provided by the Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine through the grant 13F492 the Nutritional Biomarker Database Enhancement Initiative of (“BIO-TILDA” 2013–2015).
