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Secretory factors from human adipose tissue and their functional role

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2007

Hans Hauner
Hans Hauner*
Affiliation:
Else Kröner-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine of the Technical University of Munich,Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
*
Corresponding author: Professor Hans Hauner, fax +49 8161 71 2097, email [email protected]
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Abstract

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Obesity is characterized by an expanded adipose tissue mass. Recent data suggest that adipose tissue is a multi-functional organ rather than simply a passive storage site for excess energy. It has been clearly demonstrated that human adipose tissue produces a variety of secretory factors that exert multiple effects at both the local and the systemic level. To date, >100 products, covering a broad range of protein families as well as many fatty acids and prostaglandins, have been reported to be secreted by adipose tissue. The source of these secreted factors is not only mature fat cells but also poorly-identified cells present in the stromal–vascular fraction including macrophages. Secreted factors of particular interest include many cytokines or chemokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, angiotensin-II, leptin, and adiponectin. In the obese state the expression and secretion of these factors is disturbed. With the exception of adiponectin, most circulating factors are elevated. From this perspective, obesity can be described as a pro-inflammatory condition. In addition, regional differences in adipose expression of many of these factors have been found. There is now growing evidence that many secretory factors play an important role in the pathophysiology of the metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity. The question arising from these observations is how the secretory pattern of adipose tissue can be modified by dietary and pharmacological measures to reduce the health risks of obesity.

Keywords

Adipose tissueObesityCytokinesComplicationsSecretory factors
Type
Symposium on ‘Biology of obesity’
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 64 , Issue 2 , May 2005 , pp. 163 - 169
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005

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