Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-5r2nc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-27T00:44:38.613Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The role of lifestyle in health: the epidemiology and consequences of inactivity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

William H. Dietz
William H. Dietz
Affiliation:
New England Medical Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Box 213, 750 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Symposium 2
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 55 , Issue 3 , November 1996 , pp. 829 - 840
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1996

References

Ainsworth, B. E., Haskell, W. L., Leon, A. S., Jacobs, D. R. Jr, Montoye, H. J., Sallis, J. F. & Paffenbarger, R. S. Jr (1993). Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities. Medical Science Sports and Exercise 25, 71–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Armstrong, N., Balding, J., Gentle, P. & Kirby, B. (1990). Patterns of physical activity among 11 to 16 year old British children. British Medical Journal 301, 203–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bandini, L. G., Schoeller, D. A. & Dietz, W. H. (1990). Energy expenditure in obese and non-obese adolescents. Pediatric Research 27, 198–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barcus, E. F. & Mclaughlin, L. (1978). Food advertising on children's television: an analysis of appeals and nutritional content. Newtonville, MA: Action for Children's Television.Google Scholar
Berlin, J. A. & Colditz, G. A. (1990). A meta-analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease. American Journal of Epidemiology 132, 612–628.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Centers for disease control (1990). Coronary heart disease attributable to sedentary lifestyle–selected states, 1988. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 39, 541–544.Google Scholar
Centers for disease control (1993 a). Prevalence of sedentary lifestyle–behavioral risk factor surveillance system, united states. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 42. 576–579.Google Scholar
Centers for disease control (1993 b). Public health focus: physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 42, 669–672.Google Scholar
Ching, P. L. Y. H., Willett, W. C., Rimm, E. B., Colditz, G. A., Gortmaker, S. L. & Stampfer, M. J. (1996). Activity level and risk of overweight in male health professionals. American Journal of Public Health 86, 25–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Choi, J. W. (1975). Exercise and Participation in Sports Among Persons 20 Years of Age and Over: United States. Advance Data, National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, MD: Us Department of Health Education and Welfare.Google Scholar
Clancey-Hepburn, K., Hickey, A. A. & Nevill, G. (1974). Children's behavior responses to TV food advertisements. Journal of Nutrition Education 6, 93–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colette, M., Godin, G., Bradet, R. & Gionet, N. J. (1994). Active living in communities: understanding the intention to take up physical activity as an everyday way of life. Canadian Journal of Public Health 85, 418–421.Google Scholar
Dannenberg, A. L., Keller, J. B., Wilson, P. W. F. & Castelli, W. P. (1989). Leisure time physical activity in the Framingham offspring study. Description, seasonal variation, and risk factor correlates. American Journal of Epidemiology 129, 76–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davies, P. S. W., Gregory, J. & White, A. (1995 a). Physical activity and body fatness in preschool children. International Journal of Obesity 19, 6–10.Google Scholar
Davies, P. S. W., Wells, J. C. K., Fieldhouse, C. A., Day, J. M. E. & Lucas, A. (1995 b). Parental body composition and infant energy expenditure. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 1026–1029.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dietz, W. H., Bandini, L. G., Morelli, J. A., Peers, K. F. & Ching, P. L. Y. H. (1994). Effect of sedentary activities on resting metabolic rate. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, 556–559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dietz, W. H. & Gortmaker, S. L. (1984). Factors within the physical environment associated with childhood obesity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 39, 619–624.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dietz, W. H. & Gortmaker, S. L. (1985). Do we fatten our children at the TV set? Television viewing and obesity in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 75, 807–812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, L. E., Valoski, A. M., Vara, L. S., McCurley, J., Wisniewski, L., Kalarchian, M. A., Klein, K. R. & Shrager, L. R. (1995). Effects of decreasing sedentary behavior and increasing activity on weight change in obese children. Health Psychology 14, 109–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escobedo, L. G., Marcus, S. E., Holtzman, D. & Giovino, G. A. (1993). Sports participation, age at smoking initiation, and the risk of smoking among US high school students. Journal of the American Medical Association 269, 1391–1395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fontvielle, A. M., Harper, I. T., Ferraro, R. T., Spraul, M. & Ravussin, E. (1993). Daily energy expenditure by five-year-old children, measured by doubly labeled water. Journal of Pediatrics 123, 200–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gortmaker, S. L., Dietz, W. H. & Cheung, L. W. Y. (1990). Inactivity, diet, and the fattening of America. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 90, 1247–1255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gortmaker, S. L., Must, A., Sobol, A. M., Peterson, K., Colditz, G. A. & Dietz, W. H. (1996). Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986–1990. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 150, 356–362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haffner, S. M., Stern, M. P., Hazuda, H. P., Pugh, J., Patterson, J. K. & Malina, R. (1986). Upper body and centralized adiposity in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites: relationship to body mass index and other behavioral and demographic variables. International Journal of Obesity 10, 493–502.Google Scholar
Hahn, R. A., Teutsch, S. M., Rothenberg, R. B. & Marks, J. S. (1990). Excess deaths from nine chronic diseases in the United States, 1986. Journa1 of the American Medical Association 264, 2654–2659.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heath, G. W., Pratt, M., Warren, C. W. & Kann, L. (1994). Physical activity patterns in American high school students. Results from the 1990 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 148, 1131–1136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helmrich, S. P., Ragland, D. R., Leung, R. W. & Paffenbarger, R. S. Jr (1991). Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine 325, 147–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Human Nutrition Information Service (1989). Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals. Washington, DC: Us Department of Agriculture.Google Scholar
Janz, K. F., Golden, J. C., Hansen, J. R. & Mahoney, L. T. (1992). Heart rate monitoring of physical activity in children and adolescents: the Muscatine study. Pediatrics 89, 256–261.Google ScholarPubMed
Johnson, M. L., Burke, B. S. & Mayer, J. (1956). Relative importance of inactivity and overeating in the energy balance of obese high school girls. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 4, 37–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaufman, L. (1980). Prime-time nutrition. Journal of Communications 30, 37–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klesges, R. C., Shelton, M. L. & Klesges, L. M. (1993). The effects of television on metabolic rate: potential implications for childhood obesity. Pediatrics 91, 281–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kubey, R. & Czikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Television and the Quality of Life: How Viewing Shapes Everyday Experiences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Kumanyika, S. K., Morssink, C. & Agurs, T. (1992). Models for diet and weight change in African-American women: identifying cultural components. Ethnicity and Disease 2, 166–175.Google Scholar
Kumanyika, S. K., Wilson, J. F. & Guilford-Davenport, M. (1993). Weight-related attitudes and behaviors of black women. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 93, 416–422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lakka, T. A., Vendlainen, J. M., Rauramaa, R., Salonen, R., Tuomilehto, J. & Salonen, J. T. (1994). Relation of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness to the risk of acute myocardial infarction in men. New England Journal of Medicine 330, 1549–1554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Livingstone, M. B. E., Coward, W. A., Prentice, A. M., Davies, P. S. W., Strain, J. J., McKenna, P. G., Mahoney, C. A., White, J. A., Stewart, C. M. & Kerr, M.-J. J. (1992). Daily energy expenditure in free-living children: comparison of heart-rate monitoring with the doubly labeled water (2H218O) method. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, 343–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luepker, R. V., Murray, D. M., Jacobs, D. R. Jr, Mittelmark, M. B., Bracht, N., Carlaw, R., Crow, R., Elmer, P., Finnegan, J., Folsom, A. R., Grimm, R., Hannan, P. J., Jeffrey, R., Lando, H., McGovern, P., Mullis, R., Perry, C. L., Pechacek, T., Pirie, P., Sprafka, J. M., Weisbrod, R. & Blackburn, H. (1994). Community education for cardiovascular disease prevention: risk factor changes in the Minnesota Heart Health Program. American Journal of Public Health 84, 1383–1393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lytle, L. A., Kelder, S. H., Perry, C. L. & Klepp, K.-A. (1995). Covariance of adolescent health behaviors: the Class of 1989 Study. Health Education Research 10, 133–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGinnis, J. M. & Foege, W. H. (1993). Actual causes of death in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association 270, 2207–2212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, J. N., Clayton, D. G., Everitt, M. G., Semmence, A. M. & Burgess, E. H. (1990). Exercise in leisure time: coronary attack and death rates. British Heart Journal 63, 325–334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neilsen media research (1993). 1992–1993 Report on Television. Northbrook, IL: A. C. Neilsen Co.Google Scholar
Owens, J. F., Matthews, K. A., Wing, R. R. & Kuller, H. (1992). Can physical activity mitigate the effects of aging in middle aged women? Circulation 85, 1265–1270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paffenbarger, R. S., Hyde, R. T., Wing, A. L. & Hsieh, C.-C. (1986). Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni. New England Journal of Medicine 314, 605–613.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paffenbarger, R. S. Jr, Hyde, R. T., Wing, A. L., Lee, I.-M., Jung, D. L. & Kampert, J. B. (1993). The association of changes in physical-activity level and other lifestyle characteristics with mortality among men. New England Journal of Medicine 328, 538–545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pate, R. R., Pratt, M., Blair, S. N., Haskell, W. L., Macera, C. A., Bouchard, C., Buchner, D., Ettinger, W., Heath, G. W., King, A. C., Kriska, A., Leon, A. S., Marcus, B. H., Morris, J., Paffenbarger, R. S. Jr, Patrick, K., Pollock, M. L., Rippe, J. M., Sallis, J. & Wilmore, J. H. (1995). Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association 273, 402–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pate, R. R. & Ross, J. G. (1987). National children and youth fitness survey: factors associated with health-related fitness. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance 58, 93–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perusse, L., LeBlanc, C. & Bouchard, C. (1988). Familial resemblance in lifestyle components: results from the Canada Fitness Survey. Canadian Journal of Public Health 79, 201–205.Google ScholarPubMed
Perusse, L., Tremblay, A., LeBlanc, C. & Bouchard, C. (1989). Genetic and environmental influences on level of habitual physical activity and exercise participation. American Journal of Epidemiology 129, 1012–1022.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prentice, A. M. & Jebb, S. A. (1995). Obesity in Britain: gluttony or sloth? British Medical Journal 311, 437–439.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raitakari, O. T., Porkka, K. V. K., Taimela, S., Telama, R., Rasanen, L. & Viikara, J. S. A. (1994). Effects of persistent physical activity and inactivity on coronary risk factors in children and young adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 140, 195–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, K. D., Killen, J. D., Bryson, S. W., Maron, D. J., Taylor, C. B., Maccoby, N. & Farquhar, J. W. (1990). Psychosocial predictors of physical activity in adolescents. Preventive Medicine 19, 541–551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rising, R., Harper, I. T., Fontvielle, A. M., Ferraro, R. T., Spraul, M. & Ravussin, E. (1994). Determinants of total daily energy expenditure: variability in physical activity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, 800–804.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rissanen, A. M., Heliovaara, M., Knekt, P., Reuanen, A. & Aromaa, A. (1991). Determinants of weight gain and overweight in adult Finns. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 419–430.Google Scholar
Robinson, T. N., Hammer, L. D., Killen, J. D., Kraemer, H. C., Wilson, D. M., Hayward, C. & Taylor, C. B. (1993). Does television viewing increase obesity and reduce physical activity? Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses among adolescent girls. Pediatrics 91, 273–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, T. N & Killen, J. D. (1995). Ethnic and gender differences in the relationships between television viewing and obesity, physical activity, and dietary fat intake. Journal of Health Education 26, Suppl., 91–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sallis, J. F. (1993). Epidemiology of physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 33, 403–408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sallis, J. F., Alcaraz, J. E., McKenzie, T. L., Hovell, M. F., Kolody, B. & Nader, P. R. (1992 a). Parental behavior in relation to physical activity and fitness in 9-year-old children. American Journal of Diseases of Children 146, 1383–1388.Google ScholarPubMed
Sallis, J. F., Hovell, M. F., Hofstetter, C. R. & Barrington, E. (1992 b). Explanation of vigorous physical activity during two years using social learning variables. Social and Scientific Medicine 34, 25–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schulz, L. O. & Schoeller, D. A. (1994). A compilation of total energy expenditures and body weights in healthy adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60, 676–681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Segal, K. R. & Dietz, W. H. (1991). Physiologic responses to playing a video game. American Journal of Diseases of Children 145, 1034–1036.Google ScholarPubMed
Simoes, E. J., Byers, T., Coates, R. J., Serdula, M., Mokdad, A. H. & Heath, G. W. (1995). The association between leisure-time physical activity and dietary fat in American adults. American Journal of Public Health 85, 240–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, J., Prentice, A. M., Diaz, E., Coward, W. A., Ashford, J., Sawyer, M. & Whitehead, R. G. (1989). Energy expenditure of Gambian women during peak agricultural activity as measured by the doubly-labelled-water method. British Journal of Nutrition 62, 315–329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephens, T., Jacobs, D. R. Jr & White, C. C. (1985). A descriptive epidemiology of leisure-time physical activity. Public Health Reports 100, 147–158.Google ScholarPubMed
Story, M. & Faulkner, P. (1990). The prime time diet: a content analysis of eating behavior and food messages in television program content and commercials. American Journal of Public Health 80, 738–740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taras, H. L. & Gage, M. (1995). Advertised foods on children's television. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 149, 649–652.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taras, H. L., Sallis, J. F., Patterson, T. L., Nader, P. R. & Nelson, J. A. (1989). Television's influence on children's diet and physical activity. Journal of Developmental and Behaviorial Pediatrics 10, 176–180.Google ScholarPubMed
Troisi, R. J., Heinold, J. W., Vokonos, P. S. & Weiss, S. T. (1991). Cigarette smoking, dietary intake, and physical activity: effects on body fat distribution the Normative Aging Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 1104–1111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tucker, L. A. & Bagwell, M. (1991). Television viewing and obesity in adult females. American Journal of Public Health 81, 908–911.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tucker, L. A. & Friedman, G. M. (1989). Television viewing and obesity in adult males. American Journal of Public Health 79, 516–518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wannamethee, G. & Shaper, A. G. (1992). Physical activity and stroke in British middle aged men. British Medical Journal 304, 597–601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Washburn, R. A., Kline, G., Lackland, D. T. & Wheeler, F. C. (1992). Leisure time physical activity: are there blacw/white differences? Preventive Medicine 21, 127–135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, T. M. & Handford, A. G. (1986). Television and other leisure activities. In The Impact of Television a Natural Experiment in Three Communities, pp. 143–213 [Williams, T. M., editor]. New york: Academic Press Inc.Google Scholar
Williamson, D. E., Madans, J., Anda, R. F., Kleinman, J. C., Kahn, H. S. & Byers, T. (1993). Recreational physical activity and ten-year weight change in a US national cohort. International Journal of Obesity 17, 279–286.Google Scholar
Wolf, A. M., Gortmaker, S. L., Cheung, L., Gray, H. M., Herzog, D. B. & Colditz, G. A. (1993). Activity, inactivity, and obesity: racial, ethnic, and age differences among schoolgirls. American Journal of Public Health 83, 1625–1627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed