CVD and osteoporosis are major chronic diseases that have a profound impact on morbidity and mortality in the UK. Epidemiological studies suggest that the two diseases are linked(Reference Bagger, Rasmussen and Alexandersen1). Osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common progenitor in the bone marrow and it has been hypothesised that an atherogenic lipid profile has a negative influence on bone formation (Reference Adami, Braga and Zamboni2). The aim of the present study was to test the relationship between serum lipids and markers of bone health (bone mineral density (BMD) and bone-turnover markers) in post-menopausal women living in north east Scotland.
A total of 272 women (mean age 59.6 (sd 2.1) years) took part in an intervention trial investigating the mechanisms associated with the effects of fruit and vegetable intake on bone health(Reference Macdonald, Black and Aucott3). Serum lipids were determined at 1 year for a subset of the women (placebo and fruit and vegetable arms). BMD was measured at the hip (mean of right and left hip) and lumbar spine (LS) by dual X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar Prodigy; GE Medical Systems Inc. Madison, WI, USA); the bone formation marker serum N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (P1NP) and the bone resportion marker serum β C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) were measured using enzyme chemiluminescent immunoassays (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). Serum LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), TAG and total cholesterol were measured using a KONE clinical chemistry analyser (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA).
There were no significant differences in serum lipid or BMD measurements between the placebo and fruit and vegetable group. From bivariate correlations for the combined group (n 119), significant negative associations were observed between LDL-C and BMD (LS and hip), remaining significant after adjustment for weight and height, whereas the negative association between HDL-C and mean hip BMD was no longer significant after adjustment for these confounders (r values shown in Table). For the bone-turnover markers, HDL-C was positively associated with P1NP at baseline and 1 year, remaining significant after adjustment for height and weight, whereas associations between HDL-C and CTX were not significant after adjustment for confounders. Serum TAG were negatively associated with P1NP and CTX at 1 year only.
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
These results support findings relating serum lipids and BMD reported in other populations(Reference Adami, Braga and Zamboni2). The relationship between HDL-C and P1NP is consistent with the hypothesis that a healthy lipid profile is linked with bone formation. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms behind these observations.
This work was partly funded by the Food Standards Agency (N05043). Any views expressed are the authors' own.
