The beneficial effects on health attributed to prebiotics are directly related to the stimulation of the growth and activities of lactic bacteria and bifidobacteria in the human intestine(Reference Gibson and Roberfroid1). Moreover, proliferation of these beneficial bacteria contributes indirectly to the stimulation of the immune system through IgA and IL (IL1, IL6 and γ-IL) production(Reference McCraken and Gaskins2–Reference Isoulari6).
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (α-galactosides) are non-digestible oligosaccharides with an extent of polymerization of three to six molecules. These compounds are α(1→6)galactosides linked to the C-6 of the glucose moiety of sucrose, which are abundant in legume seeds of which lupins are the richest source (120 g/kg seed dry weight)(Reference Martínez-Villaluenga, Frías and Vidal-Valverde7). These oligosaccharides can be easily extracted from the seeds and further purified(Reference Martínez-Villaluenga, Frías, Gulewicz and Vidal-Valverde8) to be used as ingredients during the manufacture of different functional foods. In ovo studies have demonstrated the potential prebiotic effect of α-galactosides derived from lupin seeds(Reference Martínez-Villaluenga, Wardeńska, Pilarski, Bednarczyk and Gulewicz9).
In the present work the evaluation of α-galactosides as prebiotics was carried out in vivo using an animal model. These results were compared with those obtained for pure raffinose, and also commercial fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin. Doses of 15 mg/100 g body weight were administered orally once daily to Wistar rats for 23 d. The numbers of faecal bifidobacteria were estimated at days 0, 10 and 23. Oligosaccharide administration for all experimental groups showed gradual increases (P⩽0.05) in faecal bifidobacteria with the duration of the experiment, reaching the highest value after the longest time period. The numbers of faecal bifidobacteria in rats after administration of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOS) from lupin seeds were comparable with those found with pure raffinose and commercial fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin (Figure).
Figure. Effect of oligosaccharide administration (15 mg/100 g body weight) on numbers of faecal bifidobacteria.
Thus, this in vivo study has shown that α-galactosides from lupin stimulate bifidobacterial growth and indirectly immune response. Nevertheless, subsequent intervention studies are needed to establish definitive conclusions.
This work is a result of a bilateral scientific cooperation joint project between Poland (Polish Academy of Sciences) and Spain (CSIC).
